Allow escaping of option values for options passed at connection start.

This is useful to allow to set GUCs to values that include spaces;
something that wasn't previously possible. The primary case motivating
this is the desire to set default_transaction_isolation to 'repeatable
read' on a per connection basis, but other usecases like seach_path do
also exist.

This introduces a slight backward incompatibility: Previously a \ in
an option value would have been passed on literally, now it'll be
taken as an escape.

The relevant mailing list discussion starts with
20140204125823.GJ12016@awork2.anarazel.de.