coding style configuration for AStyle applied

I compiled a configuration for AStyle and applied it to the current code base. In addition I made some manual changes regarding capitalization of constants and template typenames.
This got me thinking... perhaps having `scalar` and `time` floating around wasn't the best approach.  I've created a separate pull request to get rid of lots of the `scalar` template variables.  But I see what you are saying, and agree that all lowercase template variables should be reserved for integral data types.