(PUP-1177) allow parsedfile providers to choose a default mode

The ParsedFile provider baseclass and its companion Util::FileType module
employ Tempfile for pre-buffering generated files. If there is no actual
file at the final desination yet, copying the tempfile will preserve its
permissions, which implies a mode of 0600.

This is not desirable for all files managed by ParsedFile providers. Therefor,
the ParsedFile provider baseclass now provides an interface to change this
default mode by overriding a method.
(maint) move the file mode tests to the files spec module

It is helpful to have a simple helper method to match desired file modes
from spec tests.
(PUP-1177) make sure ssh_known_hosts is not created with mode 0600

The default mode for files that a ParsedFile provider newly creates
is 0600. This makes no sense for the ssh_known_hosts file, because it
contains public information that adds to security for all users.
(PUP-1177) update ParsedFile provider unit tests

The constructor for the :flat filetype accepts a second argument now.
This second argument must be taken into account when stubbing specific
invocations.
(PUP-1177) restore :ram FileType compatibility

The :ram filetype, as an alternative to :flat, is often used for spectests
of ParsedFile providers. The providers normally use the :flat type, but through
mocking, are made to use :ram in test context. Since the providers often pass
both supported arguments to the :flat constructor, it must be accepted by the
constructor of the :ram type as well.
(PUP-2869) Puppet should support HTTP proxy authentication

Without this patch it is not possible to use the Puppet Module
Tool (PMT) with an authenticated proxy.
Many enterprises utilise the services of authenticated proxies for
Internet access. Current code is able to utilise a proxy, but does
not consider credentials for authenticated proxies.
This patch uses the credentials from either the environment settings
for HTTP_PROXY or http_proxy, or the corresponding values in the
puppet.conf file.  The patch allows for http_proxy_user and
http_proxy_password to supplement the current http_proxy_host and
http_proxy_port variables within the puppet.conf.
(PUP-2866) Read UID_MIN from login.defs instead of hardcoding value.

This change reads UID_MIN from /etc/login.defs, if present, for the
minimum non-system user id instead of simply hardcoding a value.  If the
file isn't present or UID_MIN isn't specified, we fall back to 1000 for
BSD family operating systems and 500 for all other operating systems.
(PUP-1283) Upgrade win32-service gem

This upgrades win32-service from 0.7.2 (native compiled gem) to
0.8.4 (FFI-ed gem), which is a step in getting puppet to run on x64
ruby.
(doc) Fix "mangement" typo
Merge pull request #2832 from henriquer-noths/master

(doc) Fix "mangement" typo
Revert "(maint) Correct ssl/puppet_cert_generate_and_autosign test to do what it..."
Merge pull request #2833 from puppetlabs/revert-2679-maint/master/correct-ssl-cert-generate-autosign-test

Revert "(maint) Correct ssl/puppet_cert_generate_and_autosign test to do...
Merge pull request #2824 from peterhuene/pup/2866

(PUP-2866) Read UID_MIN from login.defs instead of hardcoding value.
Merge pull request #2797 from beergeek/fix_auth_proxy_issue

(PUP-2869) Puppet should support HTTP proxy authentication
Merge pull request #2756 from ffrank/ticket/master/PUP-1177-sshkey-mode-600

(PUP-1177) make sure ssh_known_hosts is not created with mode 0600
(PUP-1283) Relax win32-service constraint

Previously we were requiring an exact version match for the win32-service
gem. However, the ffi version of the gem has a regression and we expect a
new version of the gem to be released soon.

This commit relaxes the dependency so that we don't have to revisit this
issue in the near future.
Merge branch 'pr/2828'

* pr/2828:
  (PUP-1283) Relax win32-service constraint
  (PUP-1283) Upgrade win32-service gem
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet