Combine CCoinsViewCache's HaveCoins and const GetCoins into AccessCoins.

The efficient version of CCoinsViewCache::GetCoins only works for known-to-exist
cache entries, requiring a separate HaveCoins call beforehand. This is
inefficient as both perform a hashtable lookup.

Replace the non-mutable GetCoins with AccessCoins, which returns a potentially-NULL
pointer. This also decreases the overloading of GetCoins.

Also replace some copying (inefficient) GetCoins calls with equivalent AccessCoins,
decreasing the copying.
Use ModifyCoins instead of mutable GetCoins.

Replace the mutable non-copying GetCoins method with a ModifyCoins, which
returns an encapsulated iterator, so we can keep track of concurrent
modifications (as iterators can be invalidated by those) and run cleanup
code after a modification is finished.

This also removes the overloading of the 'GetCoins' name.
Get rid of CCoinsView's SetCoins and SetBestBlock.

All direct modifications are now done through ModifyCoins, and BatchWrite is
used for pushing batches of queued modifications up, so we don't need the
low-level SetCoins and SetBestBlock anymore in the top-level CCoinsView class.
Do not keep fully spent but unwritten CCoins entries cached.

Instead of storing CCoins entries directly in CCoinsMap, store a CCoinsCacheEntry
which additionally keeps track of whether a particular entry is:
* dirty: potentially different from its parent view.
* fresh: the parent view is known to not have a non-pruned version.

This allows us to skip non-dirty cache entries when pushing batches of changes up,
and to remove CCoins entries about transactions that are fully spent before the
parent cache learns about them.