At high levels of contention, there could be a measurable performance penalty...

...to global counters like these that require synchronization.

On a single Haswell Intel Xeon E3-1275 v3, the performance difference is small 10-25%.
On a dual Intel Xeon E5-2650 v2, it is close to 3x.
I haven't yet measured the difference on our 4/8 socket systems.