Fix inconsistency in tutorial.md

Text refers to "the type shown earlier", when the type in
question was not in fact shown earlier.  I assume this is
an artifact of an earlier revision.
auto merge of #11914 : FlaPer87/rust/issue-6157, r=alexcrichton

closes #6157
Implement default type parameters in generics.
auto merge of #11217 : eddyb/rust/generic-default-type-params, r=cmr
auto merge of #11895 : xales/rust/libstd, r=alexcrichton

Fixes #11814
Make size_of, align_of, and element_offset functions return u64 instead of uint in trans::machine (per #5172)
Make shift_ref and mut_shift_ref return Option instead of failing
Make pop_ref and mut_pop_ref return Option instead of failing on empty vectors
Make mut_last return Option instead of failing on empty vector (and add a test for mut_last)
auto merge of #11759 : nathanielherman/rust/master, r=alexcrichton

For #5172
auto merge of #11784 : eminence/rust/fix_run_tests, r=alexcrichton

This test is designed to ensure that running a non-existent executable
results in a correct error message (FileNotFound in this case of this
test).  However, if you try to run an executable that doesn't exist, and
that requires searching through the $PATH, and one of the $PATH components
is not readable, then a PermissionDenied error will be returned, instead
of FileNotFound.

Using an absolute path skips the $PATH search logic in exec, thus by-passing the logic in exec that would have returned a PermissionDenied

In the specific case of my machine, /usr/bin/games was part of $PATH, but my user account wasn't in the games group (thus being unable to read /usr/bin/games)

See the man pages for execv and execve for more details.

I've tested this on Linux and OSX, and I am fairly certain that there will be no problems on Windows
Fix the size of the _Unwind_Exception struct

On OSX 32-bit, the private fields are 5 words long, not 2. I found this
segfaulting before this change, and after this change it no longer segfaulted.
auto merge of #11947 : alexcrichton/rust/osx-unwind, r=brson

On OSX 32-bit, the private fields are 5 words long, not 2. I found this
segfaulting before this change, and after this change it no longer segfaulted.
Handle attributes on cross-crate tuple-structs correctly

Fixes #11741
auto merge of #11918 : omasanori/rust/reduce-warnings, r=alexcrichton

Moving forward to green waterfall.
Add libc::consts::os::posix01::PTHREAD_STACK_MIN

Represents the minimum size of a thread's stack.  As such, it's both
platform and architecture-specific.

I put it under posix01 even though it predates POSIX.1-2001 by some
years.  I believe it was first formalized in SUSv2.  I doubt anyone
cares, though.
Retry on EINVAL from pthread_attr_setstacksize()

Enforce that the stack size is > RED_ZONE + PTHREAD_STACK_MIN.  If the
call to pthread_attr_setstacksize() subsequently fails with EINVAL, it
means that the platform requires the stack size to be a multiple of the
page size.  In that case, round up to the nearest page and retry.

Fixes #11694.
Use __pthread_get_minstack() when available.

glibc >= 2.15 has a __pthread_get_minstack() function that returns
PTHREAD_STACK_MIN plus however many bytes are needed for thread-local
storage.  Use it when it's available because just PTHREAD_STACK_MIN is
not enough in applications that have big thread-local storage
requirements.

Fixes #6233.
auto merge of #11929 : FlaPer87/rust/issue-11681, r=huonw

closes #11681
auto merge of #11933 : kini/rust/patch-1, r=alexcrichton

Text refers to "the type shown earlier", when the type in
question was not in fact shown earlier.  I assume this is
an artifact of an earlier revision.