Fix #13140: Early/Late Bound related ICEs.

The problem was that we need to apply the substitution, so that the
formal lifetime parameters get replaced with (unifiable)
free-lifetimes that can actually be fed into the constraint solver.

Also, refactor code os that substitution for `check_item` and
`check_method`, moving both down the control flow into `check_bare_fn`.

----

Finally, there was another (similar) spot where we needed to
substitute early-bound lifetimes when invoking an object method of a
trait.
Fix Repr impl for method::Candidate to include the method_ty.
Add test using early-bound lifetimes in trait generic parameters.
verify-grammar path to rust.md

When calling

   make verify-grammar

rust.md cannot be found, because the
path to rust.md is missing.

The path is set to:

   $(D)/rust.md

This can only be tested, when llnextgen is installed.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kobler <eng1@koblersystems.de>
verify-grammar keyword crate

When calling

   make verify-grammar

or when llnextgen is not installed:

   python2.7 src/etc/extract_grammar.py <src/doc/rust.md

an error is reported by extract_grammar.py that the

keyword "crate" is not defined.

This patch adds the keyword "crate" to the grammar in rust.md.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kobler <eng1@koblersystems.de>
verify-grammar llnextgen

When calling

    make verify-grammar

a lot of errors are reported by llnextgen.

Only simple errors like:

  missing semicolons,
  missing single quotes,
  usage of parentheses instead of squared brackets or
  usage of single quote instead of double quote

are fixed by this patch.

This can only be tested, when llnextgen is installed.

Signed-off-by: Jan Kobler <eng1@koblersystems.de>
Used inherited mutability in lexer::Reader.
De-@ TokenTree.
De-@ NamedMatch.
De-@ IdentInterner.
Remove a RefCell from pprust::State.
Remove `Freeze` and add `Share` in vim's syntax
native: Use WNOHANG before signaling

It turns out that on linux, and possibly other platforms, child processes will
continue to accept signals until they have been *reaped*. This means that once
the child has exited, it will succeed to receive signals until waitpid() has
been invoked on it.

This is unfortunate behavior, and differs from what is seen on OSX and windows.
This commit changes the behavior of Process::signal() to be the same across
platforms, and updates the documentation of Process::kill() to note that when
signaling a foreign process it may accept signals until reaped.

Implementation-wise, this invokes waitpid() with WNOHANG before each signal to
the child to ensure that if the child has exited that we will reap it. Other
possibilities include installing a SIGCHLD signal handler, but at this time I
believe that that's too complicated.

Closes #13124
auto merge of #13131 : alexcrichton/rust/issue-13124, r=brson

It turns out that on linux, and possibly other platforms, child processes will
continue to accept signals until they have been *reaped*. This means that once
the child has exited, it will succeed to receive signals until waitpid() has
been invoked on it.

This is unfortunate behavior, and differs from what is seen on OSX and windows.
This commit changes the behavior of Process::signal() to be the same across
platforms, and updates the documentation of Process::kill() to note that when
signaling a foreign process it may accept signals until reaped.

Implementation-wise, this invokes waitpid() with WNOHANG before each signal to
the child to ensure that if the child has exited that we will reap it. Other
possibilities include installing a SIGCHLD signal handler, but at this time I
believe that that's too complicated.

Closes #13124
native: Ignore SIGPIPE by default

Some unix platforms will send a SIGPIPE signal instead of returning EPIPE from a
syscall by default. The native runtime doesn't install a SIGPIPE handler,
causing the program to die immediately in this case. This brings the behavior in
line with libgreen by ignoring SIGPIPE and propagating EPIPE upwards to the
application in the form of an IoError.

Closes #13123
auto merge of #13158 : alexcrichton/rust/issue-13123, r=brson

Some unix platforms will send a SIGPIPE signal instead of returning EPIPE from a
syscall by default. The native runtime doesn't install a SIGPIPE handler,
causing the program to die immediately in this case. This brings the behavior in
line with libgreen by ignoring SIGPIPE and propagating EPIPE upwards to the
application in the form of an IoError.

Closes #13123
auto merge of #13161 : FlaPer87/rust/master, r=alexcrichton
install: Verify that installed compiler runs

Another sanity check. Can be disabled in `install.sh` via `--disable-verify`
and `configure` with `--disable-verify-install`.
install: Explicitly delete the manifest during uninstall. Misc cleanup
install: Fix string formatting in an error