Add IndexedPortdb class.

The IndexedPortdb class uses pkg_desc_index to optimize searchs for
package names and descriptions. If the package description index is
missing from a particular repository, then all metadata for that
repository is obtained using the normal pordbapi.aux_get method.

This class only implements a subset of portdbapi functionality that is
useful for searching pkg_desc_index incrementally. For this reason,
the cp_all method returns an ordered iterator instead of a list, so
that search results can be displayed incrementally.

X-Gentoo-Bug: 525718
X-Gentoo-Bug-URL: https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=525718
Add IndexedVardb class.

Searching of installed packages is optimized to take advantage of
vardbdbapi._aux_cache, which is backed by vdb_metadata.pickle.
This class only implements a subset of vardbapi functionality that is
useful for searching incrementally. For this reason, the cp_all method
returns an ordered iterator instead of a list, so that search results
can be displayed incrementally.

X-Gentoo-Bug: 525718
X-Gentoo-Bug-URL: https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=525718
Add emerge --search-index option.

The new emerge --search-index option, which is enabled by default,
causes pkg_desc_index to be used for search optimization. The search
index needs to be regenerated by egencache after changes are made to
a repository (see the --update-pkg-desc-index action).

For users that would like to modify ebuilds in a repository without
running egencache afterwards, emerge --search-index=n can be used to
get non-indexed search. Alternatively, the user could simply remove
the stale index file, in order to disable the search index for a
particular repository.

In order to conserve memory, indices are read as streams, and
MultiIterGroupBy is used to group results from IndexedPortdb and
IndexedVardb. Stream-oriented search also makes it possible to
display search results incrementally (for bug #412471).

X-Gentoo-Bug: 525718
X-Gentoo-Bug-URL: https://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=525718
Log changes between vdb_metadata.pickle updates

This adds add support to generate a vdb_metadata_delta.json file
which tracks package merges / unmerges that occur between updates to
vdb_metadata.pickle. IndexedVardb can use the delta together with
vdb_metadata.pickle to reconstruct a complete view of /var/db/pkg,
so that it can avoid expensive listdir calls in /var/db/pkg/*.
Note that vdb_metadata.pickle is only updated periodically, in
order to avoid excessive re-writes of a large file.