Switch to using Bower for dependency management, use UI Bootstrap & UI Router

This adds [UI Router](https://github.com/angular-ui/ui-router) and [UI Bootstrap](http://angular-ui.github.io/bootstrap/) to the project, and removes all of the script files in the public/js folder.  Bower is used instead for client-side dependency management.

I also updated the gitignore to ignore the buffer files from gedit and Vim, as well as the default OS X filesystem files.

If jQuery is desired, I can add it to the bower.json for inclusion.