Extract the profiler to a new component

| Q             | A
| ------------- | ---
| Bug fix?      | no
| New feature?  | yes
| BC breaks?    | no
| Deprecations? | yes
| Tests pass?   | yes
| Fixed tickets | n/a
| License       | MIT
| Doc PR        | not use how to handle documentation

This pull request extracts the HTTP profiler from the HttpKernel component to a new dedicated component: HttpProfiler. This is the first step towards splitting the HttpKernel component into reusable sub-components (see #9406 for more information about this strategy).