[SPARK-2627] [PySpark] have the build enforce PEP 8 automatically

As described in [SPARK-2627](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2627), we'd like Python code to automatically be checked for PEP 8 compliance by Jenkins. This pull request aims to do that.

Notes:
* We may need to install [`pep8`](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pep8) on the build server.
* I'm expecting tests to fail now that PEP 8 compliance is being checked as part of the build. I'm fine with cleaning up any remaining PEP 8 violations as part of this pull request.
* I did not understand why the RAT and scalastyle reports are saved to text files. I did the same for the PEP 8 check, but only so that the console output style can match those for the RAT and scalastyle checks. The PEP 8 report is removed right after the check is complete.
* Updates to the ["Contributing to Spark"](https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/SPARK/Contributing+to+Spark) guide will be submitted elsewhere, as I don't believe that text is part of the Spark repo.
In general, it looks like a bunch of these changes are related to line length, but `autopep8` seems to have done it fairly haphazardly.  I think 100-character lines are probably fine, since that seems to be the standard that we've been using.