Added ability to set default parameters; simplified gem

- Added ability to set default parameters via a `Minitext.set_defaults` method
- Added tests to check against defaults
- Removed `Minitext::Base` and moved all module level methods (including `gateway`) into `minitext.rb`
- Updated `MissingParameter` to refer to `StandardError` instead of `Exception`
- Added `guard` and `guard-minitest` to development group in rake task.  
Since we're now passing in the defaults, we can just put this back to `params.each do |attr, value|`