rustdoc: make langstring parsing more robust

This changes the parsing of the language string
in code examples so that unrecognized examples
are not considered Rust code. This was, for example,
the case when a code example was marked `sh` for shell
code.

This relieves authors of having to mark those samples
as `notrust`.

Also adds recognition of the positive marker `rust`.

By default, unmarked examples are still considered rust.

If any rust-specific tags are seen, code is considered
rust unless marked as "notrust".

Adds test cases for the detection logic.