fix Makefile so "make install" works before include/bits symlink exists

previously, determination of the list of header files for installation
depended on the include/bits symlink (to the arch-specific files)
already having been created. in other words, running "make install"
immediately after configure without first running "make" caused the
bits headers not to be installed.

the solution I have applied is to pull the list of headers directly
from arch/$(ARCH)/bits rather than include/bits, and likewise to
install directly from arch/$(ARCH)/bits rather than via the symlink.

at this point, the only purpose served by keeping the symlink around
is that it enables use of the in-tree headers and libs directly via -I
and -L, which can be useful when testing against a new version of the
library before installing it. on the other hand, removing the bits
symlink would be beneficial if we ever want to support building
multiple archs in the same source tree.
add stubs for additional legacy ether.h functions

these would not be expensive to actually implement, but reading
/etc/ethers does not sound like a particularly useful feature, so for
now I'm leaving them as stubs.
paths.h: remove cruft

a research in debian codesearch and grepping over the pkgsrc
directory tree have shown that these macros are all either unused,
or defined by programs in case they need them.
add legacy scsi/scsi_ioctl.h header
add legacy sys/ttydefaults.h header
move alignment check from aligned_alloc to posix_memalign

C11 has no requirement that the alignment be a multiple of
sizeof(void*), and in fact seems to require any "valid alignment
supported by the implementation" to work. since the alignment of char
is 1 and thus a valid alignment, an alignment argument of 1 should be
accepted.
move core memalign code from aligned_alloc to __memalign

there are two motivations for this change. one is to avoid
gratuitously depending on a C11 symbol for implementing a POSIX
function. the other pertains to the documented semantics. C11 does not
define any behavior for aligned_alloc when the length argument is not
a multiple of the alignment argument. posix_memalign on the other hand
places no requirements on the length argument. using __memalign as the
implementation of both, rather than trying to implement one in terms
of the other when their documented contracts differ, eliminates this
confusion.
add NFDBITS in sys/select.h with appropriate feature tests

the main use for this macro seems to be knowing the correct allocation
granularity for dynamic-sized fd_set objects. such usage is
non-conforming and results in undefined behavior, but it is widespread
in applications.
fix missing SOCK_CLOEXEC in various functions that use sockets internally
fix fd leak on races and cancellation in ctermid
fix bogus lazy allocation in ctermid and missing malloc failure check

also clean up, optimize, and simplify the code, removing branches by
simply pre-setting the result string to an empty string, which will be
preserved if other operations fail.
fix off-by-one array bound in strsignal
add realtime signals to strsignal

the name format RTnn/RTnnn was chosen to minimized bloat while
uniquely identifying the signal.
fix a couple misleading/wrong signal descriptions in strsignal

there are still several more that are misleading, but SIGFPE (integer
division error misdescribed as floating point) and and SIGCHLD
(possibly non-exit status change events described as exiting) were the
worst offenders.
fix invalid library phdr pointers passed to callback from dl_iterate_phdr

map_library was saving pointers to an automatic-storage buffer rather
than pointers into the mapping. this should be a fairly simple fix,
but the patch here is slightly complicated by two issues:

1. supporting gratuitously obfuscated ELF files where the program
headers are not right at the beginning of the file.

2. cleaning up the map_library function so that data isn't clobbered
by the time we need it.
add some ARM EABI-specific exception handling infrastructure

patch by Timo Teräs
add PIE support for ARM
fix omission of dtv setup in static linked programs on TLS variant I archs

apparently this was never noticed before because the linker normally
optimizes dynamic TLS models to non-dynamic ones when static linking,
thus eliminating the calls to __tls_get_addr which crash when the dtv
is missing. however, some libsupc++ code on ARM was calling
__tls_get_addr when static linked and crashing. the reason is unclear
to me, but with this issue fixed it should work now anyway.
the big time handling overhaul

this commit has two major user-visible parts: zoneinfo-format time
zones are now supported, and overflow handling is intended to be
complete in the sense that all functions return a correct result if
and only if the result fits in the destination type, and otherwise
return an error. also, some noticable bugs in the way DST detection
and normalization worked have been fixed, and performance may be
better than before, but it has not been tested.
fix fd leak in file mapping code used in new zoneinfo support