SCEVExpander: Try hard not to create derived induction variables in other loops

During LSR of one loop we can run into a situation where we have to expand the
start of a recurrence of a loop induction variable in this loop. This start
value is a value derived of the induction variable of a preceeding loop. SCEV
has cannonicalized this value to a different recurrence than the recurrence of
the preceeding loop's induction variable (the type and/or step direction) has
changed). When we come to instantiate this SCEV we created a second induction
variable in this preceeding loop.  This patch tries to base such derived
induction variables of the preceeding loop's induction variable.

This helps twolf on arm and seems to help scimark2 on x86.

Reapply with a fix for the case of a value derived from a pointer.

radar://15970709