api: unify string conversions, simplify interop

- The data member of String's can now be passed directly to functions
  expecting C strings, as we now guarantee that they are NUL-terminated.
  This obviates the need to use xstrndup and free, simplifying code and
  enhancing performance.
- Use xmemdupz instead of xstrndup for converting String's into C strings.
  It's faster because it doesn't calculate strlen(string.data) (which is
  unnecesary as that information is already provided in string.size anyway).
- Use cstr_to_string to convert from C strings to String, it is both shorter
  and faster than the usual strlen/xstrndup combo, which calls strlen twice.
  cstr_to_string internally calls strlen and then xmemdupz.