Makefile: Detect which address sanitizer option to use for clang debug builds

For older clang versions, -faddress-sanitizer has to be used,
because -fsanitize=address is not supported.
Newer clang versions prefer -fsanitize=address.
To avoid either build errors or warnings
clang: warning: argument '-faddress-sanitizer' is deprecated, use '-fsanitize=address' instead
for clang debug builds, clang --help output is parsed to detect
which option has to be used.