Major overhaul of C++ documentation

- Cleaned up and rephrased comments
- Removed old and erroneous information
- Normalized indentation to four spaces
- Normalized style to "Stroustrup style"
  (http://www.stroustrup.com/bs_faq2.html#layout-style)
- Added a section on references

In the near future I plan on additional sections covering idiomatic
use, such as RAII and C++11 paradigms.