PostgreSQL interval datatype support

Add native support for PostgreSQL `interval` datatype with conversion from all PostgreSQL formats to `ActiveSupport::Duration` on record load and transformation from `ActiveSupport::Duration` to ISO 8601 on save (no more strings). Also added support to define column in migrations and get it in schema dump, optional column precision is supported.

 - Parses all 4 formats in that result may be present (see [Output formats])
 - Constructs `ActiveSupport::Duration` value (that magic `2.days`)
 - Converts `ActiveSupport::Duration` to [ISO 8601 duration] format on save
 - Allows to use old raw values on save — just pass the string in attribute writer
 - Allows to use `Numeric` values, treating them as number of seconds

Example:

    create_table :events do |t|
      t.string   :name
      t.interval :duration
    end

    Event.create!(name: 'Rock Fest', duration: 2.days)
    Event.last.duration # => 2 days
    Event.last.duration.iso8601 # => "P2D"

    Event.create!(duration: '2 mons 1 day') # Raw values still works

I've proposed this in Rails-core Google Group here: https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/rubyonrails-core/zcscu1p4ucA

**ATTENTION**: This PR is built on top of #16917 and require it to be merged first. As it's not merged for now, commits and changes from it appears here, sorry for that hurry — I just want it to be included in upcoming 4.2 release, if it still possible (pleeeaase!). As #16917 will be progressed, I will rebase this branch on top of it (or anything else, what core team will say).

[ISO 8601 duration]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601#Durations
[Output formats]: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.4/static/datatype-datetime.html#DATATYPE-INTERVAL-OUTPUT
Could extract this implementation (and the regexp constants) to a standalone `PostgreSQLIntervalParser`