make: don't call mkdir -p a lot
make: use $@ and $<
make: call ranlib
make: don't invoke wildcard repeatedly
make: easier to read object targets
make: centralize wget/curl & unzip/7z feature test

With many open PRs that could benefit from loading SDKs when needed,
instead adding vast amounts of code to RIOTs master, this PR provides
the "functions" `$(DOWNLOAD_TO_STDOUT)`, `$(DOWNLOAD_TO_FILE)`, and
`$(UNZIP_HERE)`.

The first "function" takes one argument, the URL from where to download
the content. It is then piped to stdout. To be used e.g. with `tar xz`.

The second "function" taken two arguments, the destination file name,
and the source URL. If the previous invocation was interrupted, then the
download gets continued, if possible.

The last "function" takes one argument, the source ZIP file. The file
gets extracted into the cwd, so best use this "function" with
`cd $(SOME_WHERE) &&`.

The clumsy name `$(UNZIP_HERE)` is taken because the program "unzip"
takes the environment variable `UNZIP` as the source file, even if
another file name was given on the command line. The rationale for that
is that the hackers of "unzip" hate their users. Also they sacrifice
hamsters to Satan.
Merge pull request #1431 from Kijewski/wget-for-everyone-woooohooooo

make: centralize wget/curl & unzip/7z feature test
Merge pull request #1571 from Kijewski/make-mkdir-once

make: cleanup Makefile.base
periph_driver: introduce a RTT interface
periph:rtc: add missing argument for callback
Merge pull request #1595 from thomaseichinger/fix_rtc

periph:rtc: add missing argument for callback
Merge pull request #960 from thomaseichinger/rtc_interface

periph_drivers: Proposal for a low-level RTT driver interface