Renames gittip to gratipay

I've done most of the work, but you'll need to do two things:

1. Merge this PR
2. Rename the repository to `gratipay-badge`.

Note that the rename will not affect existing URLs, as all web traffic is [redirected after a rename](https://help.github.com/articles/renaming-a-repository). I've also taken the liberty to shift to the rawgit CDN url, which is supposed to be [used in production](https://rawgit.com/). Also, I've kept the old gittip.png in the repo for the rare chance that someone might be using an unversioned direct link to master.

The links in README won't work till you merge this PR. I am not sure, but it will still break if the tag 0.3.1 is not merged. So you might need to tag 0.3.1 manually.
This is still missing but I will add it in another commit to avoid delaying this further.