Refactor pretty printing to handle the white space at the AST level

We previously determined when to add the whitespace at the token level. That lead to a bunch of complicate switch statements. With this we handle the formatting at the AST level which simplifies the code significantly and it also allows us nicer result.

Review URL: https://api.github.com/repos/google/traceur-compiler/issues/795

Closes #795.
Expose LoaderHook functions on Loader class
Complete normalize, locate, and fetch
Complete translate and instantiate
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