Lifetime guide -> ownership guide
std: Remove implicit shrinking from hash_map.

Implements fn shrink_to_fit for HashMap.
std: Change the behavior of `reserve` for HashMap.

HashMap's `reserve` method now takes as an argument the *extra* space
to reserve.

[breaking-change]
libcore: add `Rhs` input parameter to comparison traits
Test PartialEq multidispatch
New Guide: Ownership

This replaces the previous "Lifetimes guide," since we are discussing
things from an owernship perspective now.
Overload the `==` operator

- String == &str == CowString
- Vec ==  &[T] ==  &mut [T] == [T, ..N] == CowVec
- InternedString == &str
Replace `equiv` method calls with `==` operator sugar
Remove unused transmutes from tests
Fix fallout
Deprecate Equiv
auto merge of #18770 : pczarn/rust/hash_map-explicit-shrinking, r=Gankro

Part of enforcing capacity-related conventions, for #18424, the collections reform.

Implements `fn shrink_to_fit` for HashMap.
The `reserve` method now takes as an argument the *extra* space to reserve.
auto merge of #18613 : steveklabnik/rust/ownership_guide, r=huonw

This is a work in progress, but this should get *extensive* review, so I'm putting it up early and often.

This is the start of a draft of the new 'ownership guide,' which explains ownership, borrowing, etc. I'm feeling better about this framing than last time's, but we'll see.
Implement the `Fn` trait for bare fn pointers in the compiler rather than doing it using hard-coded impls. This means that it works also for more complex fn types involving bound regions. Fixes #19126.
Add a cache so we don't create so many shims.
Adjust nits from pcwalton.
auto merge of #19449 : nikomatsakis/rust/unboxed-closure-fn-impl, r=pcwalton

Implement the `Fn` trait for bare fn pointers in the compiler rather
than doing it using hard-coded impls. This means that it works also
for more complex fn types involving bound regions.
auto merge of #19167 : japaric/rust/rhs-cmp, r=aturon

Comparison traits have gained an `Rhs` input parameter that defaults to `Self`. And now the comparison operators can be overloaded to work between different types. In particular, this PR allows the following operations (and their commutative versions):

- `&str` == `String` == `CowString`
- `&[A]` == `&mut [B]` == `Vec<C>` == `CowVec<D>` == `[E, ..N]` (for `N` up to 32)
- `&mut A` == `&B` (for `Sized` `A` and `B`)

Where `A`, `B`, `C`, `D`, `E` may be different types that implement `PartialEq`. For example, these comparisons are now valid: `string == "foo"`, and `vec_of_strings == ["Hello", "world"]`.

[breaking-change]s

Since the `==` may now work on different types, operations that relied on the old "same type restriction" to drive type inference, will need to be type annotated. These are the most common fallout cases:

- `some_vec == some_iter.collect()`: `collect` needs to be type annotated: `collect::<Vec<_>>()`
- `slice == &[a, b, c]`: RHS doesn't get coerced to an slice, use an array instead `[a, b, c]`
- `lhs == []`: Change expression to `lhs.is_empty()`
- `lhs == some_generic_function()`: Type annotate the RHS as necessary

cc #19148

r? @aturon