fix(ngModel): test & update correct model when running $validate

If `$validate` is invoked when the model is already invalid, `$validate` should pass `$$invalidModelValue` to the validators, not `$modelValue`. More over, if the model has become valid, the previously invalid model should be assigned to `$modelValue`. Lastly, in case the model has become invalid, the previously valid model should be assigned to `$$invalidModelValue`.

Closes #7836
Actually, this really is changing the $viewValue.  I think we need some tests that exercise the case where the validation criteria are changed without the $viewValue changing.