Add a (more constrained) API for expressing filters on columns

This is to support predicate push down, which will take advantage of these constrained filter predicates.
This will need to be reconciled with the column filters currently in the `parquet.filter` package, but I wanted to get feedback on this first.

Sample usage in java:
```
// if you lie, and column "a.b.c" isn't an int column, we won't know until runtime. 
Column<Integer> abc = column("a.b.c"); 
Column<Double> xyz = column("x.y.z");

FilterPredicate predicate =
      and(not(or(eq(abc, 7), eq(abc, 17))), gtEq(xyz, 100.0));
```

Sample usage in scala:
```
val abc = Column[Int]("a.b.c")
val xyz = Column[Double]("x.y.z")
val predicate = !((abc === 7) || (abc === 17)) && (xyz >= 100.0)
```
oh, ok good to know.
Yes I was thinking about adding methods for whether they support inspecting the dictionary.

I think maybe just make it explicit via a method instead of inspecting via reflection? what do you think?