Add missing test case for quoting behavior

It appears that the only time that `quote` is called with a column,
but without first calling `type_cast` is when where is called with an
array. My previous pull request broke this behavior, without failing
tests. This adds a test for the only case I can think of that exercises
the `if column.type == :integer` branch of `quote` effectively.
Remove checks against `column.type` in abstract adapter quoting

The intention is to eventually remove `column` from the arguments list
both for `quote` and for `type_cast` entirely. This is the first step
to that end.
Merge pull request #15335 from sgrif/sg-missing-test-case

Add missing test case for quoting behavior
Merge pull request #15336 from sgrif/sg-quoting

Remove checks against `column.type` in abstract adapter quoting