added functions and classes to translate aa sequences to properties, bin script, tests

Fixes #222
This isn't accurate.

Also, I'm wondering whether the result shouldn't be a list of sets (i.e., each element of the list is a set of properties of that aa). Or, to save space and be faster, each element of the list is the logical OR of several properties. Then you'd have something like this:

```python
HYDROPHOBIC = 0x01
POLAR = 0x02
BASIC = 0x04
ACIDIC = 0x08

PROPERTIES = {
    'A': HYDROPHOBIC | ACIDIC,
    'V': HYDROPHOBIC | POLAR,
    # ...
}
```

(I know that's not realistic, but you see what I mean about ORing together various properties.)

And, I wonder about how much of this might already be provided by BioPython. Did you check? I have a feeling I checked at some point and there wasn't much there.