Truncate short write from the AOF

If Redis only manages to write out a partial buffer, the AOF file won't
load back into Redis the next time it starts up.  It is better to
discard the short write than waste time running redis-check-aof.
Don't assume that "char" is signed.

For the C standard char can be either signed or unsigned, it's up to the
compiler, but Redis assumed that it was signed in a few places.

The practical effect of this patch is that now Redis 2.6 will run
correctly in every system where char is unsigned, notably the RaspBerry
PI and other ARM systems with GCC.

Thanks to Georgi Marinov (@eesn on twitter) that reported the problem
and allowed me to use his RaspBerry via SSH to trace and fix the issue!
Merge pull request #593 from steevel/unstable

Check that we have connection before enabling pipe mode
Allow Pub/Sub in contexts where other commands are blocked.

Redis loading data from disk, and a Redis slave disconnected from its
master with serve-stale-data disabled, are two conditions where
commands are normally refused by Redis, returning an error.

However there is no reason to disable Pub/Sub commands as well, given
that this layer does not interact with the dataset. To allow Pub/Sub in
as many contexts as possible is especially interesting now that Redis
Sentinel uses Pub/Sub of a Redis master as a communication channel
between Sentinels.

This commit allows Pub/Sub to be used in the above two contexts where
it was previously denied.
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/unstable' into unstable
First implementation of Redis Sentinel.

This commit implements the first, beta quality implementation of Redis
Sentinel, a distributed monitoring system for Redis with notification
and automatic failover capabilities.

More info at http://redis.io/topics/sentinel
Typo.
Fixed an error in the example sentinel.conf.
Sentinel: more robust failover detection as observer.

Sentinel observers detect failover checking if a slave attached to the
monitored master turns into its replication state from slave to master.
However while this change may in theory only happen after a SLAVEOF NO
ONE command, in practie it is very easy to reboot a slave instance with
a wrong configuration that turns it into a master, especially if it was
a past master before a successfull failover.

This commit changes the detection policy so that if an instance goes
from slave to master, but at the same time the runid has changed, we
sense a reboot, and in that case we don't detect a failover at all.

This commit also introduces the "reboot" sentinel event, that is logged
at "warning" level (so this will trigger an admin notification).

The commit also fixes a problem in the disconnect handler that assumed
that the instance object always existed, that is not the case. Now we
no longer assume that redisAsyncFree() will call the disconnection
handler before returning.
Sentinel: check that instance still exists in reply callbacks.

We can't be sure the instance object still exists when the reply
callback is called.
Sentinel: changes to connection handling and redirection.

We disconnect the Redis instances hiredis link in a more robust way now.
Also we change the way we perform the redirection for the +switch-master
event, that is not just an instance reset with an address change.

Using the same system we now implement the +redirect-to-master event
that is triggered by an instance that is configured to be master but
found to be a slave at the first INFO reply. In that case we monitor the
master instead, logging the incident as an event.
Sentinel: debugging message removed.
Prevent a spurious +sdown event on switch.

When we reset the master we should start with clean timestamps for ping
replies otherwise we'll detect a spurious +sdown event, because on
+master-switch event the previous master instance was probably in +sdown
condition. Since we updated the address we should count time from
scratch again.

Also this commit makes sure to explicitly reset the count of pending
commands, now we can do this because of the new way the hiredis link
is closed.
Sentinel: reset pending_commands in a more generic way.
Sentinel: abort failover if no good slave is available.

The previous behavior of the state machine was to wait some time and
retry the slave selection, but this is not robust enough against drastic
changes in the conditions of the monitored instances.

What we do now when the slave selection fails is to abort the failover
and return back monitoring the master. If the ODOWN condition is still
present a new failover will be triggered and so forth.

This commit also refactors the code we use to abort a failover.
Some cleanup in sentinel.conf
Fix warning in redis.c for sentinel config load
Merge pull request #602 from mrb/sentinel_docs

Some cleanup in sentinel.conf
Merge pull request #603 from mrb/fix_sentinel_config_warning

Fix warning in redis.c for sentinel config load
Sentinel: ability to execute notification scripts.