SI-8962 Fix regression silent mode during patmat typechecking

During the refactoring of error reporting in 258d95, the result
of `Context#reportError` was changed once we had switched to
using a `ThrowingReporter`, which is still the case in post
typer phase typechecking

This was enough to provoke a type error in the enclosed test.
Here's a diff of the typer log:

    %  scalac-hash 258d95~1 -Ytyper-debug sandbox/test.scala 2>&1 | tee sandbox/good.log
    %  scalac-hash 258d95 -Ytyper-debug sandbox/test.scala 2>&1 | tee sandbox/bad.log
    %  diff -U100 sandbox/{good,bad}.log | gist --filename=SI-8962-typer-log.diff
    https://gist.github.com/retronym/3ccbe7e0791447d272a6

TODO: Figure out precisely why this failed to typecheck afterwards.