[compiler-rt] ASan debugging API for report info extraction and locating addresses

Reviewed at http://reviews.llvm.org/D4527

This patch is part of an effort to implement a more generic debugging API, as proposed in http://lists.cs.uiuc.edu/pipermail/llvmdev/2014-July/074656.html, with first part reviewed at http://reviews.llvm.org/D4466. Now adding several new APIs: __asan_report_present, __asan_get_report_{pc,bp,sp,address,type,size,description}, __asan_locate_address. These return whether an asan report happened yet, the PC, BP, SP, address, access type (read/write), access size and bug description (e.g. "heap-use-after-free"), __asan_locate_address takes a pointer and tries to locate it, i.e. say whether it is a heap pointer, a global or a stack, or whether it's a pointer into the shadow memory. If global or stack, tries to also return the variable name, address and size. If heap, tries to return the chunk address and size. Generally these should serve as an alternative to "asan_describe_address", which only returns all the data in text form. Having an API to get these data could allow having debugging scripts/extensions that could show additional information about a variable/expression/pointer. Test cases in test/asan/TestCases/debug_locate.cc and test/asan/TestCasea/debug_report.cc.