util: add log2u(), log2u_round_up()

Two's logarithms for unsigned.
mempool: add a zeroing alloc function

Add mempool_alloc0_tile(). It's like mempool_alloc_tile(), but it
initializes the allocated tile's memory to zero.
test: adjust max load factor in test_hashmap_many()

A reimplementation of hashmaps will follow and it will use 0.8.
hashmap: rewrite the implementation

This is a rewrite of the hashmap implementation. Its advantage is lower
memory usage.

It uses open addressing (entries are stored in an array, as opposed to
linked lists). Hash collisions are resolved with linear probing and
Robin Hood displacement policy. See the references in hashmap.c.

Some fun empirical findings about hashmap usage in systemd on my laptop:
  - 98 % of allocated hashmaps are Sets.
  - Sets contain 78 % of all entries, plain Hashmaps 17 %, and
    OrderedHashmaps 5 %.
  - 60 % of allocated hashmaps contain only 1 entry.
  - 90 % of allocated hashmaps contain 5 or fewer entries.
  - 75 % of all entries are in hashmaps that use trivial_hash_ops.

Clearly it makes sense to:
  - store entries in distinct entry types. Especially for Sets - their
    entries are the most numerous and they require the least information
    to store an entry.
  - have a way to store small numbers of entries directly in the hashmap
    structs, and only allocate the usual entry arrays when the direct
    storage is full.

The implementation has an optional debugging feature (enabled by
defining the ENABLE_HASHMAP_DEBUG macro), where it:
  - tracks all allocated hashmaps in a linked list so that one can
    easily find them in gdb,
  - tracks which function/line allocated a given hashmap, and
  - checks for invalid mixing of hashmap iteration and modification.

Since entries are not allocated one-by-one anymore, mempools are not
used for entries. Originally I meant to drop mempools entirely, but it's
still worth it to use them for the hashmap structs. My testing indicates
that it makes loading of units about 5 % faster (a test with 10000 units
where more than 200000 hashmaps are allocated - pure malloc: 449±4 ms,
mempools: 427±7 ms).

Here are some memory usage numbers, taken on my laptop with a more or
less normal Fedora setup after booting with SELinux disabled (SELinux
increases systemd's memory usage significantly):

systemd (PID 1)                            Original   New    Change
dirty memory (from pmap -x 1) [KiB]            2152  1264     -41 %
total heap allocations (from gdb-heap) [KiB]   1623   756     -53 %
tools: add gdb command to dump hashmap information

$ sudo gdb -p 1
...
(gdb) source gdb-sd_dump_hashmaps.py
(gdb) sd_dump_hashmaps
  ... lists allocated hashmaps ...
(gdb) sd_dump_hashmaps 1
  ... lists allocated hashmaps, their DIB histograms and contiguous
      blocks statistics ...
configure.ac: add --enable-hashmap-debug option

The option simply enables hashmap debugging by defining
ENABLE_HASHMAP_DEBUG.

I suggest developing new code with it enabled, to have the iterator checks.
test: test a corner case in hashmap_remove_and_replace()