Implement bounded iterators for BTree

Part of collections conventions v1, #18424
Also, iteration is simplified:
```
before
test btree::map::bench::iter_1000                          ... bench:     17177 ns/iter (+/- 6302)
test btree::map::bench::iter_100000                        ... bench:   1735731 ns/iter (+/- 23908)
test btree::map::bench::iter_20                            ... bench:       386 ns/iter (+/- 148)
after
test btree::map::bench::iter_1000                          ... bench:     15777 ns/iter (+/- 346)
test btree::map::bench::iter_100000                        ... bench:   1602604 ns/iter (+/- 73629)
test btree::map::bench::iter_20                            ... bench:       339 ns/iter (+/- 91)
```
cc @gereeter @cgaebel
r? @Gankro
I feel like this shouldn't live in this file. Maybe it should go in libcore? I don't know. It just doesn't seem specific to BTrees.