[SPARK-1506][MLLIB] Documentation improvements for MLlib 1.0

Preview: http://54.82.240.23:4000/mllib-guide.html

Table of contents:

* Basics
  * Data types
  * Summary statistics
* Classification and regression
  * linear support vector machine (SVM)
  * logistic regression
  * linear linear squares, Lasso, and ridge regression
  * decision tree
  * naive Bayes
* Collaborative Filtering
  * alternating least squares (ALS)
* Clustering
  * k-means
* Dimensionality reduction
  * singular value decomposition (SVD)
  * principal component analysis (PCA)
* Optimization
  * stochastic gradient descent
  * limited-memory BFGS (L-BFGS)

Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>

Closes #422 from mengxr/mllib-doc and squashes the following commits:

944e3a9 [Xiangrui Meng] merge master
f9fda28 [Xiangrui Meng] minor
9474065 [Xiangrui Meng] add alpha to ALS examples
928e630 [Xiangrui Meng] initialization_mode -> initializationMode
5bbff49 [Xiangrui Meng] add imports to labeled point examples
c17440d [Xiangrui Meng] fix python nb example
28f40dc [Xiangrui Meng] remove localhost:4000
369a4d3 [Xiangrui Meng] Merge branch 'master' into mllib-doc
7dc95cc [Xiangrui Meng] update linear methods
053ad8a [Xiangrui Meng] add links to go back to the main page
abbbf7e [Xiangrui Meng] update ALS argument names
648283e [Xiangrui Meng] level down statistics
14e2287 [Xiangrui Meng] add sample libsvm data and use it in guide
8cd2441 [Xiangrui Meng] minor updates
186ab07 [Xiangrui Meng] update section names
6568d65 [Xiangrui Meng] update toc, level up lr and svm
162ee12 [Xiangrui Meng] rename section names
5c1e1b1 [Xiangrui Meng] minor
8aeaba1 [Xiangrui Meng] wrap long lines
6ce6a6f [Xiangrui Meng] add summary statistics to toc
5760045 [Xiangrui Meng] claim beta
cc604bf [Xiangrui Meng] remove classification and regression
92747b3 [Xiangrui Meng] make section titles consistent
e605dd6 [Xiangrui Meng] add LIBSVM loader
f639674 [Xiangrui Meng] add python section to migration guide
c82ffb4 [Xiangrui Meng] clean optimization
31660eb [Xiangrui Meng] update linear algebra and stat
0a40837 [Xiangrui Meng] first pass over linear methods
1fc8271 [Xiangrui Meng] update toc
906ed0a [Xiangrui Meng] add a python example to naive bayes
5f0a700 [Xiangrui Meng] update collaborative filtering
656d416 [Xiangrui Meng] update mllib-clustering
86e143a [Xiangrui Meng] remove data types section from main page
8d1a128 [Xiangrui Meng] move part of linear algebra to data types and add Java/Python examples
d1b5cbf [Xiangrui Meng] merge master
72e4804 [Xiangrui Meng] one pass over tree guide
64f8995 [Xiangrui Meng] move decision tree guide to a separate file
9fca001 [Xiangrui Meng] add first version of linear algebra guide
53c9552 [Xiangrui Meng] update dependencies
f316ec2 [Xiangrui Meng] add migration guide
f399f6c [Xiangrui Meng] move linear-algebra to dimensionality-reduction
182460f [Xiangrui Meng] add guide for naive Bayes
137fd1d [Xiangrui Meng] re-organize toc
a61e434 [Xiangrui Meng] update mllib's toc
(cherry picked from commit 26d35f3fd942761b0adecd1a720e1fa834db4de9)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
fix bugs of dot in python

If there are no `transpose()` in `self.theta`, a

*ValueError: matrices are not aligned*

is occurring. The former test case just ignore this situation.

Author: Xusen Yin <yinxusen@gmail.com>

Closes #463 from yinxusen/python-naive-bayes and squashes the following commits:

fcbe3bc [Xusen Yin] fix bugs of dot in python
(cherry picked from commit c919798f0912dc03c8365b9a384d9ee6d5b25c51)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
[SPARK-1281] Improve partitioning in ALS

ALS was using HashPartitioner and explicit uses of `%` together.  Further, the naked use of `%` meant that, if the number of partitions corresponded with the stride of arithmetic progressions appearing in user and product ids, users and products could be mapped into buckets in an unfair or unwise way.

This pull request:
1) Makes the Partitioner an instance variable of ALS.
2) Replaces the direct uses of `%` with calls to a Partitioner.
3) Defines an anonymous Partitioner that scrambles the bits of the object's hashCode before reducing to the number of present buckets.

This pull request does not make the partitioner user-configurable.

I'm not all that happy about the way I did (1).  It introduces an icky lifetime issue and dances around it by nulling something.  However, I don't know a better way to make the partitioner visible everywhere it needs to be visible.

Author: Tor Myklebust <tmyklebu@gmail.com>

Closes #407 from tmyklebu/master and squashes the following commits:

dcf583a [Tor Myklebust] Remove the partitioner member variable; instead, thread that needle everywhere it needs to go.
23d6f91 [Tor Myklebust] Stop making the partitioner configurable.
495784f [Tor Myklebust] Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/apache/spark
674933a [Tor Myklebust] Fix style.
40edc23 [Tor Myklebust] Fix missing space.
f841345 [Tor Myklebust] Fix daft bug creating 'pairs', also for -> foreach.
5ec9e6c [Tor Myklebust] Clean a couple of things up using 'map'.
36a0f43 [Tor Myklebust] Make the partitioner private.
d872b09 [Tor Myklebust] Add negative id ALS test.
df27697 [Tor Myklebust] Support custom partitioners.  Currently we use the same partitioner for users and products.
c90b6d8 [Tor Myklebust] Scramble user and product ids before bucketing.
c774d7d [Tor Myklebust] Make the partitioner a member variable and use it instead of modding directly.
(cherry picked from commit bf9d49b6d1f668b49795c2d380ab7d64ec0029da)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
[HOTFIX] SPARK-1399: remove outdated comments

as the original PR was merged before this mistake is found....fix here,

Sorry about that @pwendell, @andrewor14, I will be more careful next time

Author: CodingCat <zhunansjtu@gmail.com>

Closes #474 from CodingCat/hotfix_1399 and squashes the following commits:

f3a8ba9 [CodingCat] move outdated comments
(cherry picked from commit 87de29084eed2a287ee114d492f45b211c500c6f)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>
[Fix #274] Document + fix annotation usages

... so that we don't follow an unspoken set of forbidden rules for adding **@AlphaComponent**, **@DeveloperApi**, and **@Experimental** annotations in the code.

In addition, this PR
(1) removes unnecessary `:: * ::` tags,
(2) adds missing `:: * ::` tags, and
(3) removes annotations for internal APIs.

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #470 from andrewor14/annotations-fix and squashes the following commits:

92a7f42 [Andrew Or] Document + fix annotation usages
(cherry picked from commit b3e5366f696c463f1c2f033b0d5c7365e5d6b0f8)

Signed-off-by: Patrick Wendell <pwendell@gmail.com>