Implement Logging

Adding logging to our code. This PR provides the basic setup for our logging system, and will also include usage in at least `calculation.py` and `pathmovers.py`, since we’re about to dive heavily into developing those parts. We can come back to add logging elsewhere later.

When complete, this closes #103.

Task list:
- [x] "Module-level" logger info statements print to stdout
- [x] "Initializations" logger info statements
- [x] Move initializations logger file output
- [x] Without `logging.conf` loaded, no problems (no errors/warnings)
- [ ] Finish #101 ; merge it into this
- [ ] Logging for Bootstrapping (initializations and info)
- [ ] Logging for ShootingMover stuff (initializations and info)