Add an in-core GiST index opclass for inet/cidr types.

This operator class can accelerate subnet/supernet tests as well as
btree-equivalent ordered comparisons.  It also handles a new network
operator inet && inet (overlaps, a/k/a "is supernet or subnet of"),
which is expected to be useful in exclusion constraints.

Ideally this opclass would be the default for GiST with inet/cidr data,
but we can't mark it that way until we figure out how to do a more or
less graceful transition from the current situation, in which the
really-completely-bogus inet/cidr opclasses in contrib/btree_gist are
marked as default.  Having the opclass in core and not default is better
than not having it at all, though.

While at it, add new documentation sections to allow us to officially
document GiST/GIN/SP-GiST opclasses, something there was never a clear
place to do before.  I filled these in with some simple tables listing
the existing opclasses and the operators they support, but there's
certainly scope to put more information there.

Emre Hasegeli, reviewed by Andreas Karlsson, further hacking by me
Fix silly oversight in patch to remove dsm state file.

I'm not sure if this is what's causing the Windows buildfarm members
to get unhappy, but I don't think it can be helping anything...
Several fixes to array handling in ecpg.

Patches by Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh.bapat@enterprisedb.com>
Add missing include.

This is more cleanup from commit 11a65eed1637a05b03e174700799b024e104bfb4.

Amit Kapila
Fix misc typos in comments.
docs:  add link to pg_start_backup() from pg_basebackup --checkpoint

This references the meaning of the fast/spread checkpoint option.

Per private IM report
Fix a few more misc typos in comments.
Fix typo in comment.

Tomonari Katsumata
C comment:  track_activity_query_size doesn't support memory units

And explain why.

Per report from Pavel Stehule
The new pointer_to_struct test needs a special command line parameter to ecpg.
Hopefully this will fix the buildfarm failures on Windows.
Fix bugs in GIN "fast scan" with partial match.

There were a couple of bugs here. First, if the fuzzy limit was exceeded,
the loop in entryGetItem might drop out too soon if a whole block needs to
be skipped because it's < advancePast ("continue" in a while-loop checks the
loop condition too). Secondly, the loop checked when stepping to a new page
that there is at least one offset on the page < advancePast, but we cannot
rely on that on subsequent calls of entryGetItem, because advancePast might
change in between. That caused the skipping loop to read bogus items in the
TbmIterateResult's offset array.

First item and fix by Alexander Korotkov, second bug pointed out by Fabrízio
de Royes Mello, by a small variation of Alexander's test query.
docs: psql '--' comments are not passed to the server

C-style block comments are passed to the server.
Create infrastructure for moving-aggregate optimization.

Until now, when executing an aggregate function as a window function
within a window with moving frame start (that is, any frame start mode
except UNBOUNDED PRECEDING), we had to recalculate the aggregate from
scratch each time the frame head moved.  This patch allows an aggregate
definition to include an alternate "moving aggregate" implementation
that includes an inverse transition function for removing rows from
the aggregate's running state.  As long as this can be done successfully,
runtime is proportional to the total number of input rows, rather than
to the number of input rows times the average frame length.

This commit includes the core infrastructure, documentation, and regression
tests using user-defined aggregates.  Follow-on commits will update some
of the built-in aggregates to use this feature.

David Rowley and Florian Pflug, reviewed by Dean Rasheed; additional
hacking by me
Provide moving-aggregate support for a bunch of numerical aggregates.

First installment of the promised moving-aggregate support in built-in
aggregates: count(), sum(), avg(), stddev() and variance() for
assorted datatypes, though not for float4/float8.

In passing, remove a 2001-vintage kluge in interval_accum(): interval
array elements have been properly aligned since around 2003, but
nobody remembered to take out this workaround.  Also, fix a thinko
in the opr_sanity tests for moving-aggregate catalog entries.

David Rowley and Florian Pflug, reviewed by Dean Rasheed
Make security barrier views automatically updatable

Views which are marked as security_barrier must have their quals
applied before any user-defined quals are called, to prevent
user-defined functions from being able to see rows which the
security barrier view is intended to prevent them from seeing.

Remove the restriction on security barrier views being automatically
updatable by adding a new securityQuals list to the RTE structure
which keeps track of the quals from security barrier views at each
level, independently of the user-supplied quals.  When RTEs are
later discovered which have securityQuals populated, they are turned
into subquery RTEs which are marked as security_barrier to prevent
any user-supplied quals being pushed down (modulo LEAKPROOF quals).

Dean Rasheed, reviewed by Craig Ringer, Simon Riggs, KaiGai Kohei
Provide moving-aggregate support for boolean aggregates.

David Rowley and Florian Pflug, reviewed by Dean Rasheed
Add ANALYZE into regression tests

Looks like we can end up with different plans happening on the
buildfarm, which breaks the regression tests when we include
EXPLAIN output (which is done in the regression tests for
updatable security views, to ensure that the user-defined
function isn't pushed down to a level where it could view the
rows before the security quals are applied).

This adds in ANALYZE to hopefully make the plans consistent.
The ANALYZE ends up changing the original plan too, so the
update looks bigger than it really is.  The new plan looks
perfectly valid, of course.
Make a dedicated AlterTblSpcStmt production

Given that ALTER TABLESPACE has moved on from just existing for
general purpose rename/owner changes, it deserves its own top-level
production in the grammar.  This also cleans up the RenameStmt to
only ever be used for actual RENAMEs again- it really wasn't
appropriate to hide non-RENAME productions under there.

Noted by Alvaro.
Suppress compiler warning in new contrib/pg_trgm code.

MSVC doesn't seem to like it when a constant initializer loses
precision upon being assigned.

David Rowley
Improve some O(N^2) behavior in window function evaluation.

Repositioning the tuplestore seek pointer in window_gettupleslot() turns
out to be a very significant expense when the window frame is sizable and
the frame end can move.  To fix, introduce a tuplestore function for
skipping an arbitrary number of tuples in one call, parallel to the one we
introduced for tuplesort objects in commit 8d65da1f.  This reduces the cost
of window_gettupleslot() to O(1) if the tuplestore has not spilled to disk.
As in the previous commit, I didn't try to do any real optimization of
tuplestore_skiptuples for the case where the tuplestore has spilled to
disk.  There is probably no practical way to get the cost to less than O(N)
anyway, but perhaps someone can think of something later.

Also fix PersistHoldablePortal() to make use of this API now that we have
it.

Based on a suggestion by Dean Rasheed, though this turns out not to look
much like his patch.