Add some doc examples to lib{green,native}

"How do I start in libX" is a common question that I've seen, so I figured
putting the examples in as many places as possible is probably a good idea.
Removed prelude::* from libstd files.

This replaces the imports from the prelude with the re-exported symbols.
Cleaned up imports per coding standards.

No functional changes; just style.
auto merge of #12075 : chromatic/rust/gh_11983_deglob_std, r=alexcrichton

This replaces the imports from the prelude with the re-exported symbols.
Added tests to make tidy
auto merge of #12055 : dguenther/rust/tidy_test, r=alexcrichton

This PR extends the tidy formatting check to rust files in the test folder. To facilitate this, a few flags were added to tidy:

* `xfail-tidy-cr` - Disables the check for CR characters for all following lines in the file
* `xfail-tidy-tab` - Disables the check for tab characters for all following lines in the file
* `xfail-tidy-linelength` - Disables the line length check for all following lines in the file

Checks should not have to be disabled often. I disabled line length checks in `debug-info` tests that use `debugger:` checks, but aside from that, there were relatively few exclusions. Running tidy on all the tests does slow down the formatting check, so it may be worth investigating further optimization.

cc #4534
doc: add license information for gen. files
auto merge of #12073 : alexcrichton/rust/doc-examples, r=cmr

"How do I start in libX" is a common question that I've seen, so I figured
putting the examples in as many places as possible is probably a good idea.
rustc: Remove 'morestack_addr' intrinsic. Unused
Reduced allocations in merge_sort for short vectors

Added a seperate in-place insertion sort for short vectors.
Increased threshold for insertion short for 8 to 32 elements
for small types and 16 for larger types. Added benchmarks
for sorting larger types.
auto merge of #12029 : zkamsler/rust/merge-sort-allocations, r=huonw

This pull request:
1) Changes the initial insertion sort to be in-place, and defers allocation of working set until merge is needed.
2) Increases the increases the maximum run length to use insertion sort for from 8 to 32 elements. This increases the size of vectors that will not allocate, and reduces the number of merge passes by two. It seemed to be the sweet spot in the benchmarks that I ran.

Here are the results of some benchmarks. Note that they are sorting u64s, so types that are more expensive to compare or copy may have different behaviors.
Before changes:
```
test vec::bench::sort_random_large      bench:    719753 ns/iter (+/- 130173) = 111 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_medium     bench:      4726 ns/iter (+/- 742) = 169 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_small      bench:       344 ns/iter (+/- 76) = 116 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_sorted            bench:    437244 ns/iter (+/- 70043) = 182 MB/s
```

Deferred allocation (8 element insertion sort):
```
test vec::bench::sort_random_large      bench:    702630 ns/iter (+/- 88158) = 113 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_medium     bench:      4529 ns/iter (+/- 497) = 176 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_small      bench:       185 ns/iter (+/- 49) = 216 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_sorted            bench:    425853 ns/iter (+/- 60907) = 187 MB/s
```

Deferred allocation (16 element insertion sort):
```
test vec::bench::sort_random_large      bench:    692783 ns/iter (+/- 165837) = 115 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_medium     bench:      4434 ns/iter (+/- 722) = 180 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_small      bench:       187 ns/iter (+/- 38) = 213 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_sorted            bench:    393783 ns/iter (+/- 85548) = 203 MB/s
```

Deferred allocation (32 element insertion sort):
```
test vec::bench::sort_random_large      bench:    682556 ns/iter (+/- 131008) = 117 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_medium     bench:      4370 ns/iter (+/- 1369) = 183 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_small      bench:       179 ns/iter (+/- 32) = 223 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_sorted            bench:    358353 ns/iter (+/- 65423) = 223 MB/s
```

Deferred allocation (64 element insertion sort):
```
test vec::bench::sort_random_large      bench:    712040 ns/iter (+/- 132454) = 112 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_medium     bench:      4425 ns/iter (+/- 784) = 180 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_random_small      bench:       179 ns/iter (+/- 81) = 223 MB/s
test vec::bench::sort_sorted            bench:    317812 ns/iter (+/- 62675) = 251 MB/s
```

This is the best I could manage with the basic merge sort while keeping the invariant that the original vector must contain each element exactly once when the comparison function is called. If one is not married to a stable sort, an in-place n*log(n) sorting algorithm may have better performance in some cases.

for #12011
cc @huonw
Set the LD_LIBRARY_PATH when running tests

This way when you disable rpaths you can still run `make check`
auto merge of #12094 : adridu59/rust/licensing, r=brson

Closes #12069.

cc @brson
remove type descriptors from proc and @T

This also drops support for the managed pointer POISON_ON_FREE feature
as it's not worth adding back the support for it. After a snapshot, the
leftovers can be removed.
extra::json: remove the use of `unsafe` char transmutes.

Avoid using -1 as a char sentinel, when Option<char> is the perfect
thing.
syntax: convert the lexer to use Option<char> over transmute(-1).

The transmute was unsound.

There are many instances of .unwrap_or('\x00') for "ignoring" EOF which
either do not make the situation worse than it was (well, actually make
it better, since it's easy to grep for places that don't handle EOF) or
can never ever be read.

Fixes #8971.
rustc: put range asserts on `char` loads.

A `char` is a Unicode codepoint, and so ranges from 0--0x10FFFF (with
the surrogate gaps): we may as well inform LLVM of this.
rustc: load bools as unsigned numbers.

Apparently loading them signed will break if/when they become i1.
allow generating drop glue without the TyDesc

Reflection is now the only user of type descriptors. Uses of drop glue
no longer cause a type descriptor to be generated.
rm out-of-date comment from std::unstable::raw