Fix hashtree:sha_test_ from timing out

EQC takes a long time, and uses gigabytes of memory to generate 1MB
random binaries, as evidenced by:

    eqc_gen:sample(eqc_gen:binary(1024 * 1024)).

We're still able to write a solid test, by ensuring that we always chunk
the binary into between 1 and 16 chunks. So instead of generating the
chunk size, we now generate the number of chunks, and derive chunk size
from that. This change allowed us to remove one level of ?FORALL
nesting, as well.
Extend hashtree eqc test timeouts

The sha_test_ and eqc_test_ test suites in the hashtree module have
had trouble with slowness and timeouts on slower test machines.  Use
spawn so each test runs in its own process and extend the timeouts to
120 seconds to avoid these spurious failures.
Add extended timeouts and eunit spawn for chashbin basic_test
Extend timeouts to 60 seconds for riak_core_security_tests
- Adds an error check to the init/1 function to catch and properly
  shutdown the FSM when an error occurs during initialization.  In
particular, when the riak_kv_keys_fsm attempts to start for an unknown
bucket type (https://github.com/basho/riak_kv/issues/875)
Merge branch 'bugfix/jsb/fix-list-keys-missing-bucket-type' of github.com:basho/riak_core into bugfix/jsb/fix-list-keys-missing-bucket-type