[SPARK-2679] [MLLib] Ser/De for Double

Added a set of serializer/deserializer for Double in _common.py and PythonMLLibAPI in MLLib.

Author: Doris Xin <doris.s.xin@gmail.com>

Closes #1581 from dorx/doubleSerDe and squashes the following commits:

86a85b3 [Doris Xin] Merge branch 'master' into doubleSerDe
2bfe7a4 [Doris Xin] Removed magic byte
ad4d0d9 [Doris Xin] removed a space in unit
a9020bc [Doris Xin] units passed
7dad9af [Doris Xin] WIP
SPARK-2684: Update ExternalAppendOnlyMap to take an iterator as input

This will decrease object allocation from the "update" closure used in map.changeValue.

Author: Matei Zaharia <matei@databricks.com>

Closes #1607 from mateiz/spark-2684 and squashes the following commits:

b7d89e6 [Matei Zaharia] Add insertAll for Iterables too, and fix some code style
561fc97 [Matei Zaharia] Update ExternalAppendOnlyMap to take an iterator as input
[SPARK-2705][CORE] Fixed stage description in stage info page

Stage description should be a `String`, but was changed to an `Option[String]` by mistake:

![stage-desc-small](https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/230655/3655611/f6d0b0f6-117b-11e4-83ed-71000dcd5009.png)

Author: Cheng Lian <lian.cs.zju@gmail.com>

Closes #1524 from liancheng/fix-stage-desc and squashes the following commits:

3c69327 [Cheng Lian] Fixed stage description object type in Web UI stage table
[SPARK-2410][SQL] Merging Hive Thrift/JDBC server

(This is a replacement of #1399, trying to fix potential `HiveThriftServer2` port collision between parallel builds. Please refer to [these comments](https://github.com/apache/spark/pull/1399#issuecomment-50212572) for details.)

JIRA issue: [SPARK-2410](https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/SPARK-2410)

Merging the Hive Thrift/JDBC server from [branch-1.0-jdbc](https://github.com/apache/spark/tree/branch-1.0-jdbc).

Thanks chenghao-intel for his initial contribution of the Spark SQL CLI.

Author: Cheng Lian <lian.cs.zju@gmail.com>

Closes #1600 from liancheng/jdbc and squashes the following commits:

ac4618b [Cheng Lian] Uses random port for HiveThriftServer2 to avoid collision with parallel builds
090beea [Cheng Lian] Revert changes related to SPARK-2678, decided to move them to another PR
21c6cf4 [Cheng Lian] Updated Spark SQL programming guide docs
fe0af31 [Cheng Lian] Reordered spark-submit options in spark-shell[.cmd]
199e3fb [Cheng Lian] Disabled MIMA for hive-thriftserver
1083e9d [Cheng Lian] Fixed failed test suites
7db82a1 [Cheng Lian] Fixed spark-submit application options handling logic
9cc0f06 [Cheng Lian] Starts beeline with spark-submit
cfcf461 [Cheng Lian] Updated documents and build scripts for the newly added hive-thriftserver profile
061880f [Cheng Lian] Addressed all comments by @pwendell
7755062 [Cheng Lian] Adapts test suites to spark-submit settings
40bafef [Cheng Lian] Fixed more license header issues
e214aab [Cheng Lian] Added missing license headers
b8905ba [Cheng Lian] Fixed minor issues in spark-sql and start-thriftserver.sh
f975d22 [Cheng Lian] Updated docs for Hive compatibility and Shark migration guide draft
3ad4e75 [Cheng Lian] Starts spark-sql shell with spark-submit
a5310d1 [Cheng Lian] Make HiveThriftServer2 play well with spark-submit
61f39f4 [Cheng Lian] Starts Hive Thrift server via spark-submit
2c4c539 [Cheng Lian] Cherry picked the Hive Thrift server
[SPARK-1777] Prevent OOMs from single partitions

**Problem.** When caching, we currently unroll the entire RDD partition before making sure we have enough free memory. This is a common cause for OOMs especially when (1) the BlockManager has little free space left in memory, and (2) the partition is large.

**Solution.** We maintain a global memory pool of `M` bytes shared across all threads, similar to the way we currently manage memory for shuffle aggregation. Then, while we unroll each partition, periodically check if there is enough space to continue. If not, drop enough RDD blocks to ensure we have at least `M` bytes to work with, then try again. If we still don't have enough space to unroll the partition, give up and drop the block to disk directly if applicable.

**New configurations.**
- `spark.storage.bufferFraction` - the value of `M` as a fraction of the storage memory. (default: 0.2)
- `spark.storage.safetyFraction` - a margin of safety in case size estimation is slightly off. This is the equivalent of the existing `spark.shuffle.safetyFraction`. (default 0.9)

For more detail, see the [design document](https://issues.apache.org/jira/secure/attachment/12651793/spark-1777-design-doc.pdf). Tests pending for performance and memory usage patterns.

Author: Andrew Or <andrewor14@gmail.com>

Closes #1165 from andrewor14/them-rdd-memories and squashes the following commits:

e77f451 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
c7c8832 [Andrew Or] Simplify logic + update a few comments
269d07b [Andrew Or] Very minor changes to tests
6645a8a [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
b7e165c [Andrew Or] Add new tests for unrolling blocks
f12916d [Andrew Or] Slightly clean up tests
71672a7 [Andrew Or] Update unrollSafely tests
369ad07 [Andrew Or] Correct ensureFreeSpace and requestMemory behavior
f4d035c [Andrew Or] Allow one thread to unroll multiple blocks
a66fbd2 [Andrew Or] Rename a few things + update comments
68730b3 [Andrew Or] Fix weird scalatest behavior
e40c60d [Andrew Or] Fix MIMA excludes
ff77aa1 [Andrew Or] Fix tests
1a43c06 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
b9a6eee [Andrew Or] Simplify locking behavior on unrollMemoryMap
ed6cda4 [Andrew Or] Formatting fix (super minor)
f9ff82e [Andrew Or] putValues -> putIterator + putArray
beb368f [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
8448c9b [Andrew Or] Fix tests
a49ba4d [Andrew Or] Do not expose unroll memory check period
69bc0a5 [Andrew Or] Always synchronize on putLock before unrollMemoryMap
3f5a083 [Andrew Or] Simplify signature of ensureFreeSpace
dce55c8 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
8288228 [Andrew Or] Synchronize put and unroll properly
4f18a3d [Andrew Or] bufferFraction -> unrollFraction
28edfa3 [Andrew Or] Update a few comments / log messages
728323b [Andrew Or] Do not synchronize every 1000 elements
5ab2329 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
129c441 [Andrew Or] Fix bug: Use toArray rather than array
9a65245 [Andrew Or] Update a few comments + minor control flow changes
57f8d85 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
abeae4f [Andrew Or] Add comment clarifying the MEMORY_AND_DISK case
3dd96aa [Andrew Or] AppendOnlyBuffer -> Vector (+ a few small changes)
f920531 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
0871835 [Andrew Or] Add an effective storage level interface to BlockManager
64e7d4c [Andrew Or] Add/modify a few comments (minor)
8af2f35 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
4f4834e [Andrew Or] Use original storage level for blocks dropped to disk
ecc8c2d [Andrew Or] Fix binary incompatibility
24185ea [Andrew Or] Avoid dropping a block back to disk if reading from disk
2b7ee66 [Andrew Or] Fix bug in SizeTracking*
9b9a273 [Andrew Or] Fix tests
20eb3e5 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
649bdb3 [Andrew Or] Document spark.storage.bufferFraction
a10b0e7 [Andrew Or] Add initial memory request threshold + rename a few things
e9c3cb0 [Andrew Or] cacheMemoryMap -> unrollMemoryMap
198e374 [Andrew Or] Unfold -> unroll
0d50155 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
d9d02a8 [Andrew Or] Remove unused param in unfoldSafely
ec728d8 [Andrew Or] Add tests for safe unfolding of blocks
22b2209 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
078eb83 [Andrew Or] Add check for hasNext in PrimitiveVector.iterator
0871535 [Andrew Or] Fix tests in BlockManagerSuite
d68f31e [Andrew Or] Safely unfold blocks for all memory puts
5961f50 [Andrew Or] Fix tests
195abd7 [Andrew Or] Refactor: move unfold logic to MemoryStore
1e82d00 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
3ce413e [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
d5dd3b4 [Andrew Or] Free buffer memory in finally
ea02eec [Andrew Or] Fix tests
b8e1d9c [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
a8704c1 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
e1b8b25 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
87aa75c [Andrew Or] Fix mima excludes again (typo)
11eb921 [Andrew Or] Clarify comment (minor)
50cae44 [Andrew Or] Remove now duplicate mima exclude
7de5ef9 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
df47265 [Andrew Or] Fix binary incompatibility
6d05a81 [Andrew Or] Merge branch 'master' of github.com:apache/spark into them-rdd-memories
f94f5af [Andrew Or] Update a few comments (minor)
776aec9 [Andrew Or] Prevent OOM if a single RDD partition is too large
bbd3eea [Andrew Or] Fix CacheManagerSuite to use Array
97ea499 [Andrew Or] Change BlockManager interface to use Arrays
c12f093 [Andrew Or] Add SizeTrackingAppendOnlyBuffer and tests
[SPARK-2514] [mllib] Random RDD generator

Utilities for generating random RDDs.

RandomRDD and RandomVectorRDD are created instead of using `sc.parallelize(range:Range)` because `Range` objects in Scala can only have `size <= Int.MaxValue`.

The object `RandomRDDGenerators` can be transformed into a generator class to reduce the number of auxiliary methods for optional arguments.

Author: Doris Xin <doris.s.xin@gmail.com>

Closes #1520 from dorx/randomRDD and squashes the following commits:

01121ac [Doris Xin] reviewer comments
6bf27d8 [Doris Xin] Merge branch 'master' into randomRDD
a8ea92d [Doris Xin] Reviewer comments
063ea0b [Doris Xin] Merge branch 'master' into randomRDD
aec68eb [Doris Xin] newline
bc90234 [Doris Xin] units passed.
d56cacb [Doris Xin] impl with RandomRDD
92d6f1c [Doris Xin] solution for Cloneable
df5bcff [Doris Xin] Merge branch 'generator' into randomRDD
f46d928 [Doris Xin] WIP
49ed20d [Doris Xin] alternative poisson distribution generator
7cb0e40 [Doris Xin] fix for data inconsistency
8881444 [Doris Xin] RandomRDDGenerator: initial design
SPARK-2686 Add Length support to Spark SQL and HQL and Strlen support to SQL

Rolled back changes that somehow got in from other PR's

SPARK-2686 after M. Armbrust comments

Rollback addition of length method for HiveQL since incompatible with Hive default encoding