CDK-590: Set configuraiton based on environment

 * Add HADOOP_CONF_DIR and HIVE_CONF_DIR as resources if those
   variables are set.
CDK-575: Fixes to CDH5 app parent from examples testing.

 * Manage parquet dependency
 * Exclude parquet-hive-bundle as there is no CDH5 version
 * Exclude jsp-api to make tomcat examples work
Merge pull request #190 from joey/cdk-590-hadoop-conf-profile

CDK-590: Set configuraiton based on environment
Merge pull request #191 from joey/cdk-575-examples-cdh5

CDK-575: Fixes to CDH5 app parent from examples testing.
CDK-645: Add gitter.im settings.
CDK-644: Move URIBuilder to the API.

This also adds new methods to URIBuilder to make it more user-friendly.
CDK-651: Throw exception if Hive cannot find the MetaStore.

Previously, Hive would connect to the local MetaStore, which should only
be used for testing. Now, the Hive integration will throw an exception
if it cannot connect to the real MetaStore. To test, this uses a new
property, kite.hive.allow-local-metastore, to avoid the exception.
CDK-651: Add release notes for Hive MetaStore change.
CDK-653: Add DefaultConfiguration.

This adds DefaultConfiguration, which is a single place to get the
environment Hadoop configuration. Previously, the Loader classes would
call new Configuration() to inspect the environment and get defaults,
like the HDFS location. Now, the loaders call DefaultConfiguration.get()
instead that returns a consistent Configuration to all callers.

There is also a DefaultConfiguration.set(Configuration) method that can
replace the default Configuration based on just the environment. This
should only be used to replace the environment config with a more
accurate global configuration. For example, one configured with CLI
options by ToolRunner or via other configuration methods that apply
globally to the process.
CDK-639: Qualify DatasetDescriptor schema paths.

This uses the schema URI rather than schema URL where possible and adds
an accessor for the URI. This also replaces new URI(...) with URI.create
and eliminates the URISyntaxExceptions that were thrown.