Teach Clang to provide ::max_align_t in C11 and C++11 modes.

This definition is not chosen idly. There is an unfortunate reality with
max_align_t -- the specific nature of its definition leaks into the ABI
almost immediately. Because it is part of C11 and C++11 it becomes
essential for it to match with other systems on that ABI. There is an
effort to discourage any further use of this construct as a consequence
-- using max_align_t introduces an immediate ABI problem. We can never
update it to have larger alignment even as the microarchitecture changes
to necessitate higher alignment. =/

The particular definition here exactly matches the ABI of GCC's chosen
::max_align_t definition, for better or worse. This was written with the
help of Richard Smith who was decoding the exact ABI implications of the
selected definition in GCC. Notably, in-register arguments are impacted
by the particular definition chosen. =/

No one is under the illusion that this is a "good" or "useful"
definition of max_align_t, and we are working with the standards
committee to specify a more useful interface to address this need.