Merge branch 'kb/fast-hashmap' (early part) into jch

* 'kb/fast-hashmap' (early part):
  name-hash: retire unused index_name_exists()
  hashmap.h: Use 'unsigned int' for hash-codes everywhere
  Drop unnecessary #includes from test-hashmap
  Add test-hashmap to .gitignore
  read-cache.c: fix memory leaks caused by removed cache entries
  builtin/update-index.c: cleanup update_one
  fix 'git update-index --verbose --again' output
  remove old hash.[ch] implementation
  name-hash.c: remove cache entries instead of marking them CE_UNHASHED
  name-hash.c: use new hash map implementation for cache entries
  name-hash.c: remove unreferenced directory entries
  name-hash.c: use new hash map implementation for directories
  diffcore-rename.c: use new hash map implementation
  diffcore-rename.c: simplify finding exact renames
  diffcore-rename.c: move code around to prepare for the next patch
  buitin/describe.c: use new hash map implementation
  add a hashtable implementation that supports O(1) removal
  submodule: don't access the .gitmodules cache entry after removing it
Merge branch 'nv/commit-gpgsign-config' into jch

Introduce commit.gpgsign configuration variable to force every
commit to be GPG signed.  The variable cannot be overriden from the
command line of some of the commands that create commits except for
"git commit" and "git commit-tree", but I am not convinced that it
is a good idea to sprinkle support for --no-gpg-sign everywhere.

* nv/commit-gpgsign-config:
  test the commit.gpgsign config option
  commit-tree: add and document --no-gpg-sign
  Add the commit.gpgsign option to sign all commits
Merge branch 'jk/pack-bitmap' into jch

Borrows the bitmap index into packfiles from JGit to speed up
enumeration of objects involved in a commit range without having to
fully traverse the history.

* jk/pack-bitmap: (25 commits)
  ewah: support platforms that require aligned reads
  read-cache: use get_be32 instead of hand-rolled ntoh_l
  block-sha1: factor out get_be and put_be wrappers
  do not discard revindex when re-preparing packfiles
  pack-bitmap: implement optional name_hash cache
  t/perf: add tests for pack bitmaps
  t: add basic bitmap functionality tests
  count-objects: recognize .bitmap in garbage-checking
  repack: consider bitmaps when performing repacks
  repack: handle optional files created by pack-objects
  repack: turn exts array into array-of-struct
  repack: stop using magic number for ARRAY_SIZE(exts)
  pack-objects: implement bitmap writing
  rev-list: add bitmap mode to speed up object lists
  pack-objects: use bitmaps when packing objects
  pack-objects: split add_object_entry
  pack-bitmap: add support for bitmap indexes
  documentation: add documentation for the bitmap format
  ewah: compressed bitmap implementation
  compat: add endianness helpers
  ...

# Conflicts:
# 	builtin/pack-objects.c
Merge branch 'da/pull-ff-configuration' into jch

"git pull" learned to pay attention to pull.ff configuration
variable.

* da/pull-ff-configuration:
  pull: add --ff-only to the help text
  pull: add pull.ff configuration
Merge branch 'dk/blame-janitorial' into jch

Code clean-up.

Will hold.

* dk/blame-janitorial:
  Eliminate same_suspect function in builtin/blame.c
  builtin/blame.c: struct blame_entry does not need a prev link
Merge branch 'bk/refresh-missing-ok-in-merge-recursive' into jch

Allows "merge-recursive" to work in an empty (temporary) working
tree again when there are renames involved, correcting an old
regression in 1.7.7 era.

* bk/refresh-missing-ok-in-merge-recursive:
  merge-recursive.c: Tolerate missing files while refreshing index
  read-cache.c: Extend make_cache_entry refresh flag with options
  read-cache.c: Refactor --ignore-missing implementation
  t3030-merge-recursive: Test known breakage with empty work tree
Merge branch 'ds/rev-parse-required-args' into jch

"git rev-parse --default" without the required option argument did
not diagnose it as an error.

* ds/rev-parse-required-args:
  rev-parse: check i before using argv[i] against argc
Merge branch 'jk/config-path-include-fix' into jch

include.path variable (or any variable that expects a path that can
use ~username expansion) in the configuration file is not a
boolean, but the code failed to check it.

* jk/config-path-include-fix:
  handle_path_include: don't look at NULL value
  expand_user_path: do not look at NULL path
Merge branch 'nd/diff-quiet-stat-dirty' into jch

"git diff --quiet -- pathspec1 pathspec2" sometimes did not return
correct status value.

* nd/diff-quiet-stat-dirty:
  diff: do not quit early on stat-dirty files
  Move diffcore_skip_stat_unmatch core logic out for reuse later
Merge branch 'nd/submodule-pathspec-ending-with-slash' into jch

Allow "git cmd path/", when the 'path' is where a submodule is
bound to the top-level working tree, to match 'path', despite the
extra and unnecessary trailing slash.

* nd/submodule-pathspec-ending-with-slash:
  clean: use cache_name_is_other()
  clean: replace match_pathspec() with dir_path_match()
  Pass directory indicator to match_pathspec_item()
  match_pathspec: match pathspec "foo/" against directory "foo"
  dir.c: prepare match_pathspec_item for taking more flags
  Rename match_pathspec_depth() to match_pathspec()
  Convert some match_pathspec_depth() to dir_path_match()
  Convert some match_pathspec_depth() to ce_path_match()

# Conflicts:
# 	t/t4010-diff-pathspec.sh
Merge branch 'bs/stdio-undef-before-redef' into jch

When we replace broken macros from stdio.h in git-compat-util.h,
#undef them to avoid re-definition warnings from the C
preprocessor.

* bs/stdio-undef-before-redef:
  git-compat-util.h: #undef (v)snprintf before #define them
Merge branch 'ep/varscope' into jch

Shrink lifetime of variables by moving their definitions to an
inner scope where appropriate.

* ep/varscope:
  builtin/gc.c: reduce scope of variables
  builtin/fetch.c: reduce scope of variable
  builtin/commit.c: reduce scope of variables
  builtin/clean.c: reduce scope of variable
  builtin/blame.c: reduce scope of variables
  builtin/apply.c: reduce scope of variables
  bisect.c: reduce scope of variable
### 2.0
Merge branch 'jc/push-2.0-default-to-simple' into jch

* jc/push-2.0-default-to-simple:
  push: switch default from "matching" to "simple"

# Conflicts:
# 	Documentation/config.txt
# 	Documentation/git-push.txt
# 	builtin/push.c
Merge branch 'jn/add-2.0-u-A-sans-pathspec' into jch

* jn/add-2.0-u-A-sans-pathspec:
  git add: -u/-A now affects the entire working tree

# Conflicts:
# 	builtin/add.c
Merge branch 'jc/add-2.0-ignore-removal' into jch

Updated endgame for "git add <pathspec>" that defaults to "--all"
aka "--no-ignore-removal".

* jc/add-2.0-ignore-removal:
  git add <pathspec>... defaults to "-A"

# Conflicts:
# 	builtin/add.c
Merge branch 'jc/core-checkstat-2.0' into jch

* jc/core-checkstat-2.0:
  core.statinfo: remove as promised in Git 2.0
Merge branch 'gj/push-more-verbose-advice' into jch

Explain 'simple' and 'matching' in "git push" advice message; the
topmost patch is a rebase of jc/push-2.0-default-to-simple on top
of it.

* gj/push-more-verbose-advice:
  push: switch default from "matching" to "simple"
Merge branch 'jc/hold-diff-remove-q-synonym-for-no-deletion' into jch

* jc/hold-diff-remove-q-synonym-for-no-deletion:
  diff: remove "diff-files -q" in a version of Git in a distant future

# Conflicts:
# 	diff-no-index.c
# 	diff.c
Merge branch 'cc/starts-n-ends-with-endgame' into jch

Endgame for the cc/starts-n-ends-with topic; this needs to be
evil-merged with other topics that introduce new uses of
prefix/suffix-cmp functions.

* cc/starts-n-ends-with-endgame:
  strbuf: remove prefixcmp() and suffixcmp()