Initial add of the generic optimizer code

Before digging into this code, look at the Rules implemented at the bottom of DagOptimizer.

There are several TODOS here:

- [x] After I split the code into separate files, I started hitting a scala 2.9 compiler bug, that I don't hit in 2.10. I'll try to work around, or possibly hope that Twitter finally gets on 2.9 before we need this.

- [x] Tests tests tests. I played around at the repl, but clearly we need super hardcore tests for any optimization framework.

- [ ] Actually call this code from an existing platform.
I don't see how to do that. object Expr has no type parameters. So, I can't do something like:
```scala
object Expr {
  type E[t] = Expr[t, ?] // where do a I get the N?
}
```
To make a type of kind `* -> *` I am going to need to curry the N, but I don't see how to do that.

Can you show me?