Updated repo for Travis and Catapult

@katowulf - here's the repo cleanup I promised you:

- Added `/dist/` folder to store output files
- Replaced references to version number with `0.0.0`
- Added per-release `changelog.txt` file
- Travis integration
- Add README badges
- Updated dist file header
- Added `bower.json` file
- Cleaned up `package.json`
- Added license
- Removed unnecessary `test/util/firebase-node.js` file