librustc: Fix `expr_use_visitor` (and, transitively, the borrow check)
with overloaded calls.

This enforces the mutability and borrow restrictions around overloaded
calls.

Closes #14774.

[breaking-change]
Rename recvfrom -> recv_from, sendto -> send_to.

POSIX has recvfrom(2) and sendto(2), but their name seem not to be
suitable with Rust. We already renamed getpeername(2) and
getsockname(2), so I think it makes sense.

Alternatively, `receive_from` would be fine. However, we have `.recv()`
so I chose `recv_from`.

Signed-off-by: OGINO Masanori <masanori.ogino@gmail.com>
Add `recvfrom` and `sendto`.

We leave them for compatibility, but mark them as deprecated.

Signed-off-by: OGINO Masanori <masanori.ogino@gmail.com>
auto merge of #15295 : TeXitoi/rust/relicense-shootout-mandelbrot, r=brson

Part of #14248

Main authors:
- @Ryman: OK
- @TeXitoi: OK
- @pcwalton: OK

Minor authors:
- @brson: OK
- @alexcrichton: OK
- @kballard: OK

Remark: @tedhorst was a main contributor, but its contribution
disapear with @pcwalton rewrite at af4ea11

@brson OK?
Guide: variable bindings.

Whew! Who knew there was so much to say about variables.

We probably want to move the guessing game to the rust-lang org, rather than
just having it on my GitHub. Or, I could put the code inline. I think it'd be
neat to have it as a project, so people can pull it down with Cargo. Until we
make that decision, I'll just leave this here.
rustdoc: s/nil/unit/ internally.

Quick poll on IRC suggested that unit was the preferred name for ().
auto merge of #15229 : steveklabnik/rust/if, r=cmr

Whew. So much here! Feedback very welcome.

This is the first part where we actually start learning things. I'd like to think I struck a good balance of explaining enough details, without getting too bogged down, and without being confusing... but of course I'd think that. :wink: 

As I mention in the commit comment, We probably want to move the guessing game to the rust-lang org, rather than just having it on my GitHub. Or, I could put the code inline. I think it'd be neat to have it as a project, so people can pull it down with Cargo. Until we make that decision, I'll just leave this here.
rustc: Remove `&str` indexing from the language.

Being able to index into the bytes of a string encourages
poor UTF-8 hygiene. To get a view of `&[u8]` from either
a `String` or `&str` slice, use the `as_bytes()` method.

Closes #12710.

[breaking-change]
travis: Move from travis_wait to time-passes

It's looking like we're still timing out all over the place with travis_wait
because the entire `make -j4 rustc-stage1` command is taking too long. Instead,
achieve roughly the same idea by just having `-Z time-passes` printing
information. We shouldn't have a pass that takes longer than 10 minutes in
isolation.
auto merge of #15069 : luqmana/rust/cia, r=pcwalton

Fixes #11205.
librustc: Properly compare implementation method type parameter bounds
with the corresponding trait parameter bounds.

This is a version of the patch in PR #12611 by Florian Hahn, modified to
address Niko's feedback.

It does not address the issue of duplicate type parameter bounds, nor
does it address the issue of implementation-defined methods that contain
*fewer* bounds than the trait, because Niko's review indicates that this
should not be necessary (and indeed I believe it is not). A test has
been added to ensure that this works.

This will break code like:

    trait Foo {
        fn bar<T:Baz>();
    }

    impl Foo for Boo {
        fn bar<T:Baz + Quux>() { ... }
        //             ^~~~ ERROR
    }

This will be rejected because the implementation requires *more* bounds
than the trait. It can be fixed by either adding the missing bound to
the trait:

    trait Foo {
        fn bar<T:Baz + Quux>();
        //             ^~~~
    }

    impl Foo for Boo {
        fn bar<T:Baz + Quux>() { ... }  // OK
    }

Or by removing the bound from the impl:

    trait Foo {
        fn bar<T:Baz>();
    }

    impl Foo for Boo {
        fn bar<T:Baz>() { ... }  // OK
        //       ^ remove Quux
    }

This patch imports the relevant tests from #2687, as well as the test
case in #5886, which is fixed as well by this patch.

Closes #2687.
Closes #5886.

[breaking-change]
auto merge of #15085 : brson/rust/stridx, r=alexcrichton

Being able to index into the bytes of a string encourages
poor UTF-8 hygiene. To get a view of `&[u8]` from either
a `String` or `&str` slice, use the `as_bytes()` method.

Closes #12710.

[breaking-change]

If the diffstat is any indication this shouldn't have a huge impact but it will have some. Most changes in the `str` and `path` module. A lot of the existing usages were in tests where ascii is expected. There are a number of other legit uses where the characters are known to be ascii.
auto merge of #15257 : erickt/rust/hashmap, r=alexcrichton

While `HashMap::new` and `HashMap::with_capacity` were being initialized with a random `SipHasher`, it turns out that `HashMap::from_iter` was just using the default instance of `SipHasher`, which wasn't randomized. This closes that bug, and also inlines some important methods.
Fix example in docs on documentation
auto merge of #15265 : omasanori/rust/udp, r=alexcrichton

POSIX has recvfrom(2) and sendto(2), but their name seem not to be suitable with Rust. We already renamed getpeername(2) and getsockname(2), so I think it makes sense.

Alternatively, `receive_from` would be fine. However, we have `.recv()` so I chose `recv_from`.

What do you think? If this makes sense, should I provide `recvfrom` and `sendto` deprecated methods just calling new methods for compatibility?
debuginfo: Make names of types in debuginfo reliable and omit source locations from debug info type descriptions.

So far, type names generated for debuginfo where a bit sketchy. It was not clearly defined when a name should be fully qualified and when not, if region parameters should be shown or not, and other things like that.
This commit makes the debuginfo module responsible for creating type names instead of using ppaux::ty_to_str() and brings type names, as they show up in the DWARF information, in line with GCC and Clang:

* The name of the type being described is unqualified. It's path is defined by its position in the namespace hierarchy.
* Type arguments are always fully qualified, no matter if they would actually be in scope at the type definition location.

Care is also taken to reliably make type names consistent across crate boundaries. That is, the code now tries make the type name the same, regardless if the type is in the local crate or reconstructed from metadata. Otherwise LLVM will complain about violating the one-definition-rule when using link-time-optimization.

This commit also removes all source location information from type descriptions because these cannot be reconstructed for types instantiated from metadata. Again, with LTO enabled, this can lead to two versions of the debuginfo type description, one with and one without source location information, which then triggers the LLVM ODR assertion.
Fortunately, source location information about types is rarely used, so this has little impact. Once source location information is preserved in metadata (#1972) it can also be reenabled for type descriptions.
auto merge of #15310 : pcwalton/rust/tests-for-12223, r=brson

still in scope".

This issue was fixed by PR #12828 and #5781. All that was left was to
add tests.

Closes #12223.
Apply stability attributes to std::comm

* channel() - #[unstable]. This will likely remain forever

* sync_channel(n: int) - #[unstable with comment]. Concerns have ben raised
  about the usage of the term "synchronous channel" because that generally only
  applies to the case where n == 0. If n > 0 then these channels are often
  referred to as buffered channels.

* Sender::send(), SyncSender::send(), Receiver::recv() - #[experimental]. These
  functions directly violate the general guideline of not providing a failing
  and non-failing variant. These functions were explicitly selected for being
  excused from this guideline, but recent discussions have cast doubt on that
  decision. These functions are #[experimental] for now until a decision is made
  as they are candidates for removal.

* Sender::send_opt(), SyncSender::send_opt(), Receiver::recv_opt() - #[unstable
  with a comment]. If the above no-`_opt` functions are removed, these functions
  will be renamed to the non-`_opt` variants.

* SyncSender::try_send(), Receiver::try_recv() - #[unstable with a comment].
  These return types of these functions to not follow general conventions. They
  are consistent with the rest of the api, but not with the rest of the
  libraries. Until their return types are nailed down, these functions are
  #[unstable].

* Receiver::iter() - #[unstable]. This will likely remain forever.

* std::com::select - #[experimental]. The functionality is likely to remain in
  some form forever, but it is highly unlikely to remain in its current form. It
  is unknown how much breakage this will cause if and when the api is
  redesigned, so the entire module and its components are all experimental.

* DuplexStream - #[deprecated]. This type is not composable with other channels
  in terms of selection or other expected locations. It can also not be used
  with ChanWriter and ChanReader, for example. Due to it being only lightly
  used, and easily replaced with two channels, this type is being deprecated and
  slated for removal.

* Clone for {,Sync}Sender - #[unstable]. This will likely remain forever.
auto merge of #15286 : alexcrichton/rust/channel-stability, r=cmr

* channel() - #[unstable]. This will likely remain forever

* sync_channel(n: int) - #[unstable with comment]. Concerns have ben raised
  about the usage of the term "synchronous channel" because that generally only
  applies to the case where n == 0. If n > 0 then these channels are often
  referred to as buffered channels.

* Sender::send(), SyncSender::send(), Receiver::recv() - #[experimental]. These
  functions directly violate the general guideline of not providing a failing
  and non-failing variant. These functions were explicitly selected for being
  excused from this guideline, but recent discussions have cast doubt on that
  decision. These functions are #[experimental] for now until a decision is made
  as they are candidates for removal.

* Sender::send_opt(), SyncSender::send_opt(), Receiver::recv_opt() - #[unstable
  with a comment]. If the above no-`_opt` functions are removed, these functions
  will be renamed to the non-`_opt` variants.

* SyncSender::try_send(), Receiver::try_recv() - #[unstable with a comment].
  These return types of these functions to not follow general conventions. They
  are consistent with the rest of the api, but not with the rest of the
  libraries. Until their return types are nailed down, these functions are
  #[unstable].

* Receiver::iter() - #[unstable]. This will likely remain forever.

* std::com::select - #[experimental]. The functionality is likely to remain in
  some form forever, but it is highly unlikely to remain in its current form. It
  is unknown how much breakage this will cause if and when the api is
  redesigned, so the entire module and its components are all experimental.

* DuplexStream - #[deprecated]. This type is not composable with other channels
  in terms of selection or other expected locations. It can also not be used
  with ChanWriter and ChanReader, for example. Due to it being only lightly
  used, and easily replaced with two channels, this type is being deprecated and
  slated for removal.

* Clone for {,Sync}Sender - #[unstable]. This will likely remain forever.
Rationals that have a 1 denom should print like ints