Tests: Removes or reduces many timeouts, speeding up test runtime

This makes our testsuite finish much faster, testing the same things. On my machine, one run now takes less than one second, while before it took up to three seconds.

Verified in all 14 browsers using browserstack-runner.

Fixes #696
> browsers not following specs

We can live with that. We've been using `setTimeout` with just one argument for a long time now in jQuery UI, without any problems.

> we missing the proposal of the tests being async.

This I don't understand.