fix(input): correctly handle invalid model values for `input[date/time/…]`

Similar to `input[number]` Angular will throw if the model value
for a `input[date]` is not a `Date` object.
For `Invalid Date`s (dates whose `getTime()` is `NaN`) `input[date]` 
will render an empty string.

Closes #8949
Closes #9375