CHANGELOG: doi info for 0.9.2
longer hash part in version string

thanks @petrrr for the notification.

some links don't resolve with short hases, e.g.:

https://github.com/obspy/obspy/tree/0.9.2-787-gf176
https://github.com/obspy/obspy/tree/0.9.2-787-gf176f4c

versus:

https://github.com/obspy/obspy/tree/0.9.2-787-gf176f4cd
https://github.com/obspy/obspy/tree/0.9.2-787-gf176f4cdae
add references to main github landing page README
Merge branch 'releases'

Conflicts:
	obspy/__init__.py
Obspy logo in README.md