examples: advec: some cmake tweaks and better names

Signed-off-by: Torbjörn Klatt <t.klatt@fz-juelich.de>
cmake: moving compiled targets to ./dist directory

... outside of build directory

Signed-off-by: Torbjörn Klatt <t.klatt@fz-juelich.de>
git-ignoring /dist dir

Signed-off-by: Torbjörn Klatt <t.klatt@fz-juelich.de>
cmake: fixing Clang on OSX

compilers and their flags must be passed on to 3rdparty libs

libc++ must be enabled on OSX systems (couldn't get Clang with GNU
libstdc++ to work)

fixes #9

Signed-off-by: Torbjörn Klatt <t.klatt@fz-juelich.de>
Merge pull request #13 from torbjoernk/feature/cmake-tweaks

Feature/cmake tweaks
Merge pull request #12 from torbjoernk/feature/fix-osx-clang

cmake: fixing Clang on OSX
doc: Add README.md to adv/diff example, update main README.md.
doc: Fix status table.
Merge pull request #14 from memmett/feature/readme

doc: Touch up README.md files.
doc: Add inline documentation to interfaces and controller.
encap: Remove 'scalar' from Encapsulation.
base: Get rid of 'time' as a template and make a configuration variable.
doc: Fix fill column and param indentation.
config: Add PFASST_TIME_PRECISION define to override `pfasst::time`.

Note that if PFASST_TIME_PRECISION is not defined, `pfasst::time`
defaults to `double`.
base: Use template variables through to set the time precision.
int/uint -> size_t

Mainly made loop indices of type size_t ensuring they don't become
negative and removing signed-unsigned comparisons as std::vector.size()
always returns a size_t.

Also added assertions at a few points to ensure consistency.

Had to use an explicit cast of size_t to int at a few points.
cmake: add -Wextra and -Wpedantic

as default compiler arguments
a few std::vector tweaks ([0] -> .front(); [size-1] -> .back())
finished templatization
Merge pull request #17 from memmett/feature/readme

doc: Add inline documentation to interfaces and controller.