Allow xdebug.file_link_format from php ini to work when xdebug extension is not loaded

Q | A
----------------- | ---------------
Bug fix? | yes
New feature? | no
BC breaks? | no
Deprecations? | no
Tests pass? | yes
Fixed tickets | #11081
License | MIT
Doc PR | N/A

Complete the PR https://github.com/symfony/symfony/pull/11081