better temp names; more efficient workflow phase (Fixes #391)

Use State in WorkflowPhase, WorkflowBuilder, WorkflowOp to generate
unique temp names (__tmp0, ...). This should allow more projectOps
to be collapsed in the future, but as of this commit the resulting
structure should be unchanged.

New, handwritten "bound" phase that evaluates each expression only
once, propagating `Let`s down the tree, and applying a bottom-up
annotation to the rest. This reduces the amount of evaluation being
done by about 30x in some cases.

Implemented some missing combinators and ops for PhaseS.

*Note: * There is some awkward wrangling of `Attr`s going on here. Suggestions about how to make this cleaner are welcomed. See comments on the changes.
@jdegoes and I talked about this – and I’m sure he’ll straighten me out if I am unfair in my summary, but …

`\/-` isn’t an operator, it’s an object with an `apply` method. IE, the () around the argument aren’t optional, and it’s effectively a constructor. So, John suggested that 1) the code base should be consistent and 2) we should look at how Scalaz itself writes it.

Scalaz doesn’t insert the spaces, so I think we shouldn’t either. ∎