Nelder mead

CODE REVIEW

Just wanted to get this up but further improvements are coming.  This implements a Nelder Mead convergence algorithm as long as you are converging to a point.  I was hoping this would work with math.Inf as well (thereby finding min and max) but the diffs get lost in the subtraction involving math.MaxFloat64.  I'll have to implement a separate code path for min and max.

Nelder Mead implemented as seen here: http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~fuchang/res/anms.pdf

Going to use that same paper to make the scalars adaptive.  When that's done, I'm going to implement constraints as seen here: http://www.emse.fr/~leriche/GBNM_SMO_1026_final.pdf

Finally, can use the algorithm seen there and here: http://www.iccm-central.org/Proceedings/ICCM16proceedings/contents/pdf/MonK/MoKA1-04ge_ghiasimh224461p.pdf

to attempt and ensure any result is global (which Excel doesn't do I don't believe).

@tannermiller-wf @beaulyddon-wf @alexandercampbell-wf @stevenosborne-wf @tylertreat-wf @ericolson-wf @rosshendrickson-wf 
Creating this extra slice here has got to be expensive, right? Unless the compiler automatically transforms to

```go
for i := 1; i < len(vertices); i++ {
    v := vertices[i]
```