[x86] Fix PR20540 where the x86 shuffle DAG combiner had completely
broken logic for merging shuffle masks in the face of SM_SentinelZero
mask operands.

While these are '-1' they don't mean 'undef' the way '-1' means in the
pre-legalized shuffle masks. Instead, they mean that the shuffle
operation is forcibly zeroing that lane. Reflect this and explicitly
handle it in a bunch of places. In one place the effect is equivalent
but much more clear. In the rest it was really weirdly broken.

Also, rewrite the entire merging thing to be a more directy operation
with a single loop and just doing math to map the indices through the
various masks.

Also add a bunch of asserts to try to make in extremely clear what the
different masks can possibly look like.

Finally, add some comments to clarify that we're merging shuffle masks
*up* here rather than *down* as we do everywhere else, and thus the
logic is quite confusing.

Thanks to several different people for sending test cases, and for
Robert Khasanov for an initial attempt at fixing.