Switch from MUTF8 to UTF8 in PySpark serializers.

This fixes SPARK-1043, a bug introduced in 0.9.0
where PySpark couldn't serialize strings > 64kB.

This fix was written by @tyro89 and @bouk in #512.
This commit squashes and rebases their pull request
in order to fix some merge conflicts.
Merge pull request #523 from JoshRosen/SPARK-1043

Switch from MUTF8 to UTF8 in PySpark serializers.

This fixes SPARK-1043, a bug introduced in 0.9.0 where PySpark couldn't serialize strings > 64kB.

This fix was written by @tyro89 and @bouk in #512. This commit squashes and rebases their pull request in order to fix some merge conflicts.
Merge pull request #497 from tdas/docs-update

Updated Spark Streaming Programming Guide

Here is the updated version of the Spark Streaming Programming Guide. This is still a work in progress, but the major changes are in place. So feedback is most welcome.

In general, I have tried to make the guide to easier to understand even if the reader does not know much about Spark. The updated website is hosted here -

http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/~tdas/spark_docs/streaming-programming-guide.html

The major changes are:
- Overview illustrates the usecases of Spark Streaming - various input sources and various output sources
- An example right after overview to quickly give an idea of what Spark Streaming program looks like
- Made Java API and examples a first class citizen like Scala by using tabs to show both Scala and Java examples (similar to AMPCamp tutorial's code tabs)
- Highlighted the DStream operations updateStateByKey and transform because of their powerful nature
- Updated driver node failure recovery text to highlight automatic recovery in Spark standalone mode
- Added information about linking and using the external input sources like Kafka and Flume
- In general, reorganized the sections to better show the Basic section and the more advanced sections like Tuning and Recovery.

Todos:
- Links to the docs of external Kafka, Flume, etc
- Illustrate window operation with figure as well as example.

Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 18ff10556570b39d672beeb0a32075215cfcc944
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 28 21:49:30 2014 -0800

    Fixed a lot of broken links.

commit 34a5a6008dac2e107624c7ff0db0824ee5bae45f
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 28 18:02:28 2014 -0800

    Updated github url to use SPARK_GITHUB_URL variable.

commit f338a60ae8069e0a382d2cb170227e5757cc0b7a
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Jan 27 22:42:42 2014 -0800

    More updates based on Patrick and Harvey's comments.

commit 89a81ff25726bf6d26163e0dd938290a79582c0f
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Mon Jan 27 13:08:34 2014 -0800

    Updated docs based on Patricks PR comments.

commit d5b6196b532b5746e019b959a79ea0cc013a8fc3
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 20:15:58 2014 -0800

    Added spark.streaming.unpersist config and info on StreamingListener interface.

commit e3dcb46ab83d7071f611d9b5008ba6bc16c9f951
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 18:41:12 2014 -0800

    Fixed docs on StreamingContext.getOrCreate.

commit 6c29524639463f11eec721e4d17a9d7159f2944b
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 23 18:49:39 2014 -0800

    Added example and figure for window operations, and links to Kafka and Flume API docs.

commit f06b964a51bb3b21cde2ff8bdea7d9785f6ce3a9
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 22 22:49:12 2014 -0800

    Fixed missing endhighlight tag in the MLlib guide.

commit 036a7d46187ea3f2a0fb8349ef78f10d6c0b43a9
Merge: eab351d a1cd185
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 22 22:17:42 2014 -0800

    Merge remote-tracking branch 'apache/master' into docs-update

commit eab351d05c0baef1d4b549e1581310087158d78d
Author: Tathagata Das <tathagata.das1565@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 22 22:17:15 2014 -0800

    Update Spark Streaming Programming Guide.
Merge pull request #494 from tyro89/worker_registration_issue

Issue with failed worker registrations

I've been going through the spark source after having some odd issues with workers dying and not coming back. After some digging (I'm very new to scala and spark) I believe I've found a worker registration issue. It looks to me like a failed registration follows the same code path as a successful registration which end up with workers believing they are connected (since they received a `RegisteredWorker` event) even tho they are not registered on the Master.

This is a quick fix that I hope addresses this issue (assuming I didn't completely miss-read the code and I'm about to look like a silly person :P)

I'm opening this pr now to start a chat with you guys while I do some more testing on my side :)

Author: Erik Selin <erik.selin@jadedpixel.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 973012f8a2dcf1ac1e68a69a2086a1b9a50f401b
Author: Erik Selin <erik.selin@jadedpixel.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 28 23:36:12 2014 -0500

    break logwarning into two lines to respect line character limit.

commit e3754dc5b94730f37e9806974340e6dd93400f85
Author: Erik Selin <erik.selin@jadedpixel.com>
Date:   Tue Jan 28 21:16:21 2014 -0500

    add log warning when worker registration fails due to attempt to re-register on same address.

commit 14baca241fa7823e1213cfc12a3ff2a9b865b1ed
Author: Erik Selin <erik.selin@jadedpixel.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 22 21:23:26 2014 -0500

    address code style comment

commit 71c0d7e6f59cd378d4e24994c21140ab893954ee
Author: Erik Selin <erik.selin@jadedpixel.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 22 16:01:42 2014 -0500

    Make a failed registration not persist, not send a `RegisteredWordker` event and not run `schedule` but rather send a `RegisterWorkerFailed` message to the worker attempting to register.
Merge pull request #524 from rxin/doc

Added spark.shuffle.file.buffer.kb to configuration doc.

Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 0eea1d761ff772ff89be234e1e28035d54e5a7de
Author: Reynold Xin <rxin@apache.org>
Date:   Wed Jan 29 14:40:48 2014 -0800

    Added spark.shuffle.file.buffer.kb to configuration doc.
Merge pull request #527 from ankurdave/graphx-assembly-pom

Add GraphX to assembly/pom.xml

Author: Ankur Dave <ankurdave@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit bb0b33ef9eb1b3d4a4fc283d9abb2ece4abcac23
Author: Ankur Dave <ankurdave@gmail.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 31 15:24:52 2014 -0800

    Add GraphX to assembly/pom.xml
Merge pull request #529 from hsaputra/cleanup_right_arrowop_scala

Change the ⇒ character (maybe from scalariform) to => in Scala code for style consistency

Looks like there are some ⇒ Unicode character (maybe from scalariform) in Scala code.
This PR is to change it to => to get some consistency on the Scala code.

If we want to use ⇒ as default we could use sbt plugin scalariform to make sure all Scala code has ⇒ instead of =>

And remove unused imports found in TwitterInputDStream.scala while I was there =)

Author: Henry Saputra <hsaputra@apache.org>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 29c1771d346dff901b0b778f764e6b4409900234
Author: Henry Saputra <hsaputra@apache.org>
Date:   Sat Feb 1 22:05:16 2014 -0800

    Change the ⇒ character (maybe from scalariform) to => in Scala code for style consistency.
Merge pull request #530 from aarondav/cleanup. Closes #530.

Remove explicit conversion to PairRDDFunctions in cogroup()

As SparkContext._ is already imported, using the implicit conversion appears to make the code much cleaner. Perhaps there was some sinister reason for doing the conversion explicitly, however.

Author: Aaron Davidson <aaron@databricks.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit aa4a63f1bfd5b5178fe67364dd7ce4d84c357996
Author: Aaron Davidson <aaron@databricks.com>
Date:   Sun Feb 2 23:48:04 2014 -0800

    Remove explicit conversion to PairRDDFunctions in cogroup()

    As SparkContext._ is already imported, using the implicit conversion
    appears to make the code much cleaner. Perhaps there was some sinister
    reason for doing the converion explicitly, however.
Merge pull request #528 from mengxr/sample. Closes #528.

 Refactor RDD sampling and add randomSplit to RDD (update)

Replace SampledRDD by PartitionwiseSampledRDD, which accepts a RandomSampler instance as input. The current sample with/without replacement can be easily integrated via BernoulliSampler and PoissonSampler. The benefits are:

1) RDD.randomSplit is implemented in the same way, related to https://github.com/apache/incubator-spark/pull/513
2) Stratified sampling and importance sampling can be implemented in the same manner as well.

Unit tests are included for samplers and RDD.randomSplit.

This should performance better than my previous request where the BernoulliSampler creates many Iterator instances:
https://github.com/apache/incubator-spark/pull/513

Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit e8ce957e5f0a600f2dec057924f4a2ca6adba373
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 3 12:21:08 2014 -0800

    more docs to PartitionwiseSampledRDD

commit fbb4586d0478ff638b24bce95f75ff06f713d43b
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Mon Feb 3 00:44:23 2014 -0800

    move XORShiftRandom to util.random and use it in BernoulliSampler

commit 987456b0ee8612fd4f73cb8c40967112dc3c4c2d
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sat Feb 1 11:06:59 2014 -0800

    relax assertions in SortingSuite because the RangePartitioner has large variance in this case

commit 3690aae416b2dc9b2f9ba32efa465ba7948477f4
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sat Feb 1 09:56:28 2014 -0800

    test split ratio of RDD.randomSplit

commit 8a410bc933a60c4d63852606f8bbc812e416d6ae
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sat Feb 1 09:25:22 2014 -0800

    add a test to ensure seed distribution and minor style update

commit ce7e866f674c30ab48a9ceb09da846d5362ab4b6
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 31 18:06:22 2014 -0800

    minor style change

commit 750912b4d77596ed807d361347bd2b7e3b9b7a74
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 31 18:04:54 2014 -0800

    fix some long lines

commit c446a25c38d81db02821f7f194b0ce5ab4ed7ff5
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 31 17:59:59 2014 -0800

    add complement to BernoulliSampler and minor style changes

commit dbe2bc2bd888a7bdccb127ee6595840274499403
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 31 17:45:08 2014 -0800

    switch to partition-wise sampling for better performance

commit a1fca5232308feb369339eac67864c787455bb23
Merge: ac712e4 cf6128f
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 31 16:33:09 2014 -0800

    Merge branch 'sample' of github.com:mengxr/incubator-spark into sample

commit cf6128fb672e8c589615adbd3eaa3cbdb72bd461
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 14:40:07 2014 -0800

    set SampledRDD deprecated in 1.0

commit f430f847c3df91a3894687c513f23f823f77c255
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 14:38:59 2014 -0800

    update code style

commit a8b5e2021a9204e318c80a44d00c5c495f1befb6
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 12:56:27 2014 -0800

    move package random to util.random

commit ab0fa2c4965033737a9e3a9bf0a59cbb0df6a6f5
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 12:50:35 2014 -0800

    add Apache headers and update code style

commit 985609fe1a55655ad11966e05a93c18c138a403d
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 11:49:25 2014 -0800

    add new lines

commit b21bddf29850a2c006a868869b8f91960a029322
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sun Jan 26 11:46:35 2014 -0800

    move samplers to random.IndependentRandomSampler and add tests

commit c02dacb4a941618e434cefc129c002915db08be6
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Sat Jan 25 15:20:24 2014 -0800

    add RandomSampler

commit 8ff7ba3c5cf1fc338c29ae8b5fa06c222640e89c
Author: Xiangrui Meng <meng@databricks.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 24 13:23:22 2014 -0800

    init impl of IndependentlySampledRDD
Merge pull request #535 from sslavic/patch-2. Closes #535.

Fixed typo in scaladoc

Author: Stevo Slavić <sslavic@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 0a77f789e281930f4168543cc0d3b3ffbf5b3764
Author: Stevo Slavić <sslavic@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Feb 4 15:30:27 2014 +0100

    Fixed typo in scaladoc
Merge pull request #534 from sslavic/patch-1. Closes #534.

Fixed wrong path to compute-classpath.cmd

compute-classpath.cmd is in bin, not in sbin directory

Author: Stevo Slavić <sslavic@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 23deca32b69e9429b33ad31d35b7e1bfc9459f59
Author: Stevo Slavić <sslavic@gmail.com>
Date:   Tue Feb 4 15:01:47 2014 +0100

    Fixed wrong path to compute-classpath.cmd

    compute-classpath.cmd is in bin, not in sbin directory
Merge pull request #540 from sslavic/patch-3. Closes #540.

Fix line end character stripping for Windows

LogQuery Spark example would produce unwanted result when run on Windows platform because of different, platform specific trailing line end characters (not only \n but \r too).

This fix makes use of Scala's standard library string functions to properly strip all trailing line end characters, letting Scala handle the platform specific stuff.

Author: Stevo Slavić <sslavic@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 1e43ba0ea773cc005cf0aef78b6c1755f8e88b27
Author: Stevo Slavić <sslavic@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Feb 5 14:48:29 2014 +0100

    Fix line end character stripping for Windows

    LogQuery Spark example would produce unwanted result when run on Windows platform because of different, platform specific trailing line end characters (not only \n but \r too).

    This fix makes use of Scala's standard library string functions to properly strip all trailing line end characters, letting Scala handle the platform specific stuff.
Merge pull request #544 from kayousterhout/fix_test_warnings. Closes #544.

Fixed warnings in test compilation.

This commit fixes two problems: a redundant import, and a
deprecated function.

Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit da9d2e13ee4102bc58888df0559c65cb26232a82
Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Feb 5 11:41:51 2014 -0800

    Fixed warnings in test compilation.

    This commit fixes two problems: a redundant import, and a
    deprecated function.
Merge pull request #549 from CodingCat/deadcode_master. Closes #549.

remove actorToWorker in master.scala, which is actually not used

actorToWorker is actually not used in the code....just remove it

Author: CodingCat <zhunansjtu@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 52656c2d4bbf9abcd8bef65d454badb9cb14a32c
Author: CodingCat <zhunansjtu@gmail.com>
Date:   Thu Feb 6 00:28:26 2014 -0500

    remove actorToWorker in master.scala, which is actually not used
Merge pull request #526 from tgravescs/yarn_client_stop_am_fix. Closes #526.

spark on yarn - yarn-client mode doesn't always exit immediately

https://spark-project.atlassian.net/browse/SPARK-1049

If you run in the yarn-client mode but you don't get all the workers you requested right away and then you exit your application, the application master stays around until it gets the number of workers you initially requested. This is a waste of resources.  The AM should exit immediately upon the client going away.

This fix simply checks to see if the driver closed while its waiting for the initial # of workers.

Author: Thomas Graves <tgraves@apache.org>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 03f40a62584b6bdd094ba91670cd4aa6afe7cd81
Author: Thomas Graves <tgraves@apache.org>
Date:   Fri Jan 31 11:23:10 2014 -0600

    spark on yarn - yarn-client mode doesn't always exit immediately
Merge pull request #545 from kayousterhout/fix_progress. Closes #545.

Fix off-by-one error with task progress info log.

Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 29798fc685c4e7e3eb3bf91c75df7fa8ec94a235
Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Feb 5 13:40:01 2014 -0800

    Fix off-by-one error with task progress info log.
Merge pull request #498 from ScrapCodes/python-api. Closes #498.

Python api additions

Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 8b51591f1a7a79a62c13ee66ff8d83040f7eccd8
Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Date:   Fri Jan 24 11:50:29 2014 +0530

    Josh's and Patricks review comments.

commit d37f9677838e43bef6c18ef61fbf08055ba6d1ca
Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 23 17:27:17 2014 +0530

    fixed doc tests

commit 27cb54bf5c99b1ea38a73858c291d0a1c43d8b7c
Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 23 16:48:43 2014 +0530

    Added keys and values methods for PairFunctions in python

commit 4ce76b396fbaefef2386d7a36d611572bdef9b5d
Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 23 13:51:26 2014 +0530

    Added foreachPartition

commit 05f05341a187cba829ac0e6c2bdf30be49948c89
Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 23 13:02:59 2014 +0530

    Added coalesce fucntion to python API

commit 6568d2c2fa14845dc56322c0f39ba2e13b3b26dd
Author: Prashant Sharma <prashant.s@imaginea.com>
Date:   Thu Jan 23 12:52:44 2014 +0530

    added repartition function to python API.
Merge pull request #554 from sryza/sandy-spark-1056. Closes #554.

SPARK-1056. Fix header comment in Executor to not imply that it's only u...

...sed for Mesos and Standalone.

Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit 1f2443d902a26365a5c23e4af9077e1539ed2eab
Author: Sandy Ryza <sandy@cloudera.com>
Date:   Thu Feb 6 15:03:50 2014 -0800

    SPARK-1056. Fix header comment in Executor to not imply that it's only used for Mesos and Standalone
Merge pull request #321 from kayousterhout/ui_kill_fix. Closes #321.

Inform DAG scheduler about all started/finished tasks.

Previously, the DAG scheduler was not always informed
when tasks started and finished. The simplest example here
is for speculated tasks: the DAGScheduler was only told about
the first attempt of a task, meaning that SparkListeners were
also not told about multiple task attempts, so users can't see
what's going on with speculation in the UI.  The DAGScheduler
also wasn't always told about finished tasks, so in the UI, some
tasks will never be shown as finished (this occurs, for example,
if a task set gets killed).

The other problem is that the fairness accounting was wrong
-- the number of running tasks in a pool was decreased when a
task set was considered done, even if all of its tasks hadn't
yet finished.

Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit c8d547d0f7a17f5a193bef05f5872b9f475675c5
Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 15 16:47:33 2014 -0800

    Addressed Reynold's review comments.

    Always use a TaskEndReason (remove the option), and explicitly
    signal when we don't know the reason. Also, always tell
    DAGScheduler (and associated listeners) about started tasks, even
    when they're speculated.

commit 3fee1e2e3c06b975ff7f95d595448f38cce97a04
Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 8 22:58:13 2014 -0800

    Fixed broken test and improved logging

commit ff12fcaa2567c5d02b75a1d5db35687225bcd46f
Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>
Date:   Sun Dec 29 21:08:20 2013 -0800

    Inform DAG scheduler about all finished tasks.

    Previously, the DAG scheduler was not always informed
    when tasks finished. For example, when a task set was
    aborted, the DAG scheduler was never told when the tasks
    in that task set finished. The DAG scheduler was also
    never told about the completion of speculated tasks.
    This led to confusion with SparkListeners because information
    about the completion of those tasks was never passed on to
    the listeners (so in the UI, for example, some tasks will never
    be shown as finished).

    The other problem is that the fairness accounting was wrong
    -- the number of running tasks in a pool was decreased when a
    task set was considered done, even if all of its tasks hadn't
    yet finished.
Merge pull request #450 from kayousterhout/fetch_failures. Closes #450.

Only run ResubmitFailedStages event after a fetch fails

Previously, the ResubmitFailedStages event was called every
200 milliseconds, leading to a lot of unnecessary event processing
and clogged DAGScheduler logs.

Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>

== Merge branch commits ==

commit e603784b3a562980e6f1863845097effe2129d3b
Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Feb 5 11:34:41 2014 -0800

    Re-add check for empty set of failed stages

commit d258f0ef50caff4bbb19fb95a6b82186db1935bf
Author: Kay Ousterhout <kayousterhout@gmail.com>
Date:   Wed Jan 15 23:35:41 2014 -0800

    Only run ResubmitFailedStages event after a fetch fails

    Previously, the ResubmitFailedStages event was called every
    200 milliseconds, leading to a lot of unnecessary event processing
    and clogged DAGScheduler logs.