Fix point <-> polygon code for zero-distance case.

"PG_RETURN_FLOAT8(x)" is not "return x", except perhaps by accident
on some platforms.
add missing newline
Translation updates
Fix commit_ts test suite for systems with coarse timestamp granularity.

Noticed on a couple of Windows configurations.

Petr Jelinek, reviewed by Michael Paquier.
Fix incorrect comment about XLogRecordBlockHeader.data_length field.

It does not include the possible full-page image. While at it, reformat the
comment slightly to make it more readable.

Reported by Rahila Syed
Misc comment typo fixes.

Backpatch the applicable parts, just to make backpatching future patches
easier.
Fix some jsonb issues found by Coverity in recent commits.

Mostly these issues concern the non-use of function results. These
have been changed to use (void) pushJsonbValue(...) instead of assigning
the result to a variable that gets overwritten before it is used.

There is a larger issue that we should possibly examine the API for
pushJsonbValue(), so that instead of returning a value it modifies a
state argument. The current idiom is rather clumsy. However, changing
that requires quite a bit more work, so this change should do for the
moment.
Fix file descriptor leak after failure of a \setshell command in pgbench.

If the called command fails to return data, runShellCommand forgot to
pclose() the pipe before returning.  This is fairly harmless in the current
code, because pgbench would then abandon further processing of that client
thread; so no more than nclients descriptors could be leaked this way.  But
it's not hard to imagine future improvements whereby that wouldn't be true.
In any case, it's sloppy coding, so patch all branches.  Found by Coverity.
Suppress bogus statistics when pgbench failed to complete any transactions.

Code added in 9.4 would attempt to divide by zero in such cases.
Noted while testing fix for missing-pclose problem.
Fix off-by-one loop count in MapArrayTypeName, and get rid of static array.

MapArrayTypeName would copy up to NAMEDATALEN-1 bytes of the base type
name, which of course is wrong: after prepending '_' there is only room for
NAMEDATALEN-2 bytes.  Aside from being the wrong result, this case would
lead to overrunning the statically allocated work buffer.  This would be a
security bug if the function were ever used outside bootstrap mode, but it
isn't, at least not in any currently supported branches.

Aside from fixing the off-by-one loop logic, this patch gets rid of the
static work buffer by having MapArrayTypeName pstrdup its result; the sole
caller was already doing that, so this just requires moving the pstrdup
call.  This saves a few bytes but mainly it makes the API a lot cleaner.

Back-patch on the off chance that there is some third-party code using
MapArrayTypeName with less-secure input.  Pushing pstrdup into the function
should not cause any serious problems for such hypothetical code; at worst
there might be a short term memory leak.

Per Coverity scanning.
Remove redundant sentence

Spotted by David Johnston
Add missing documentation for some vcregress modes

Michael Paquier
Update .gitignore for pg_upgrade

Add Windows versions of generated scripts, and make sure we only
ignore the scripts int he root directory.

Michael Paquier
Fix poorly worded error message.

Adam Brightwell, per report from Martín Marqués.
Fix another poorly worded error message.

Spotted by Álvaro Herrera.
Clarify the regexp used to detect source files in MSVC builds.

The old pattern would match files with strange extensions like *.ry or
*.lpp. Refactor it to only include files with known extensions, and to make
it more readable.

Per Andrew Dunstan's suggestion.
Allow CHECK constraints to be placed on foreign tables.

As with NOT NULL constraints, we consider that such constraints are merely
reports of constraints that are being enforced by the remote server (or
other underlying storage mechanism).  Their only real use is to allow
planner optimizations, for example in constraint-exclusion checks.  Thus,
the code changes here amount to little more than removal of the error that
was formerly thrown for applying CHECK to a foreign table.

(In passing, do a bit of cleanup of the ALTER FOREIGN TABLE reference page,
which had accumulated some weird decisions about ordering etc.)

Shigeru Hanada and Etsuro Fujita, reviewed by Kyotaro Horiguchi and
Ashutosh Bapat.
Lock down regression testing temporary clusters on Windows.

Use SSPI authentication to allow connections exclusively from the OS
user that launched the test suite.  This closes on Windows the
vulnerability that commit be76a6d39e2832d4b88c0e1cc381aa44a7f86881
closed on other platforms.  Users of "make installcheck" or custom test
harnesses can run "pg_regress --config-auth=DATADIR" to activate the
same authentication configuration that "make check" would use.
Back-patch to 9.0 (all supported versions).

Security: CVE-2014-0067
Fix previous commit for TAP test suites in VPATH builds.

Per buildfarm member crake.  Back-patch to 9.4, where the TAP suites
were introduced.
Fix (re-)starting from a basebackup taken off a standby after a failure.

When starting up from a basebackup taken off a standby extra logic has
to be applied to compute the point where the data directory is
consistent. Normal base backups use a WAL record for that purpose, but
that isn't possible on a standby.

That logic had a error check ensuring that the cluster's control file
indicates being in recovery. Unfortunately that check was too strict,
disregarding the fact that the control file could also indicate that
the cluster was shut down while in recovery.

That's possible when the a cluster starting from a basebackup is shut
down before the backup label has been removed. When everything goes
well that's a short window, but when either restore_command or
primary_conninfo isn't configured correctly the window can get much
wider. That's because inbetween reading and unlinking the label we
restore the last checkpoint from WAL which can need additional WAL.

To fix simply also allow starting when the control file indicates
"shutdown in recovery". There's nicer fixes imaginable, but they'd be
more invasive.

Backpatch to 9.2 where support for taking basebackups from standbys
was added.