Sentinel: be safe under crash-recovery assumptions.

Sentinel's main safety argument is that there are no two configurations
for the same master with the same version (configuration epoch).

For this to be true Sentinels require to be authorized by a majority.
Additionally Sentinels require to do two important things:

* Never vote again for the same epoch.
* Never exchange an old vote for a fresh one.

The first prerequisite, in a crash-recovery system model, requires to
persist the master->leader_epoch on durable storage before to reply to
messages. This was not the case.

We also make sure to persist the current epoch in order to never reply
to stale votes requests from other Sentinels, after a recovery.

The configuration is persisted by making use of fsync(), this is
considered in the context of this code a good enough guarantee that
after a restart our durable state is restored, however this may not
always be the case depending on the kind of hardware and operating
system used.
Fix segfault from accessing array out of bounds

argc == 2; argv[2] == crash